Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and a common cause of dementia among elderly individuals. The disease is characterized by progressive cognitive decline, accumulation of senile amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Human-derived cell models of AD are scarce, and over the years, non-human-derived models have been developed to recapitulate clinical AD, investigate the disease’s pathogenesis and develop therapies for the disease. Several pharmacological compounds have been developed for AD based on findings from non-human-derived cell models; however, these pharmacological compounds have failed at different phases of clinical trials. This necessitates the application of human-derived cell models, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in their optimized form in AD mechanistic studies and preclinical drug testing. This review provides an overview of AD and iPSCs. The AD-relevant phenotypes of iPSC-derived AD brain cells and the usefulness of iPSCs in AD are highlighted. Finally, the various recommendations that have been made to enhance iPSC/AD modelling are discussed.
Funding source: Foundation of Jiangxi Educational Committee
Award Identifier / Grant number: 6000216
Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China
Award Identifier / Grant number: 81801278
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81801278), Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (Grant No. H2019206637), China Scholarship Council (Grant No. 201608130015), Hebei University Science And Technology Research Project (Grant No. ZD2019049), Excellent Overseas researcher Program in Hebei Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security (Grant No. C20190509), Key Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (Grant No. H2020206557).
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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