Abstract
The presence of hybrid genotypes resulting from the mating of native and invasive species poses numerous problems to invasive species managers, including initial difficulty in hybrid detection, unpredictable ecological impacts to recipient ecosystems, and variability in response to management actions. We conducted a molecular study of internal transcribed spacer sequences to determine whether hybridization has occurred between the North American macrophyte Nymphoides aquatica and the invasive N. cristata where their distributions overlap in the southeastern United States (US). A hybrid N. aquatica × N. cristata population was detected within Lake Moultrie, in South Carolina. Given the broad geographic overlap in the distributions of N. aquatica and N. cristata in the southeastern US, and previously documented hybridization between the natives N. aquatica and N. cordata, additional monitoring for hybrid populations throughout the introduced range is strongly suggested. At a minimum, hybrid monitoring should take place in the nine counties of three states where both species are documented. Here, we discuss next steps to better characterize genetic diversity within hybrid Nymphoides populations and the potential management implications.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Sequences are available as GenBank accessions no. MW722964-MW722968.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Cassidy Kempf, Michael Coulon, Tim Bister, Jacob Green, Casey Moorer, John Riser, and Carl Bussells for assistance in the field, laboratory, or greenhouse. Thanks to Nic Tippery for providing data on Nymphoides aquatica and N. cordata distribution in the United States from his previous work. Thanks also to Lynde Dodd and Denise Lindsay for review of an early version of this manuscript and the anonymous reviewers at the journal. This work was supported by the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center Aquatic Plant Control Research Program and the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station (Project MONB00249).
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NH, RT, RR, and LG contributed to the study conception and design. Field sampling and sample curation were done by NH, LG, and IM. Data collection and analysis were performed by RT, AF, and LS. The first draft of the manuscript was written by NH and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Harms, N.E., Thum, R.A., Gettys, L.A. et al. Hybridization between native and invasive Nymphoides species in the United States. Biol Invasions 23, 3003–3011 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02558-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02558-9