Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Detection and molecular characterization of two genetically distinct phytoplasmas associated with mungbean seed pod abortion in Iran

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Australasian Plant Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

New symptoms including aborted seed pods disease were observed on mungbean (Vigna radiata) plants in the most important growing areas in Iran that was similar to symptoms of phytoplasma disease previously reported from Australia. Thirty samples were collected from symptomatic and non-symptomatic plants, followed by PCR amplification, DNA sequencing, RFLP and phylogenetic analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene to detect and identify possible associated phytoplasmas. Results indicated that two different phytoplasmas, related to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’ and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’, were associated with different symptomatic plants samples from the same field, mixed infection was not observed in these samples. The sequence analysis results indicated that the nucleotide sequences from mungbean isolates 47 (MT674290), 7 (MT674291) and 32 (MT674292) had 98.8% sequence identity to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’ isolate TBBP-H1 (Acc. No: MN565885), while isolates 80 (MT674293) and 25 (MT674294) had 99.8% sequence identity similar to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’ (MF092789). In silico RFLP and phylogenetic analyse of mungbean seed pod abortion (MubSpa) phytoplasma indicated that the associated phytoplasmas belonged to phytoplasmas of subgroups 16SrVI-A and 16SrII-D. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of association ‘Ca. P. trifolii’ and ‘Ca. P. aurantifolia’ strains infecting mungbean plants in Iran.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akhtar K, Dickinson M, Hodgetts J, Abbas G, Asghar MJ, Shah TM, Atta BM, Ahmad M, Haq MA (2010) The phytoplasma disease ‘mung bean phyllody’ is now present in Pakistan. Plant Pathol 59(2):399–399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bertaccini A, Duduk B (2009) Phytoplasma and phytoplasma diseases: a review of recent research. Phytopath Medit 48:355–378

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bertaccini A, Duduk B, Paltrinieri S, Contaldo N (2014) Phytoplasmas and phytoplasma diseases: a severe threat to agriculture. Am J Plant Sci 5:1763–1788. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2014.512191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deng S, Hiruki C (1991) Amplification of 16S rRNA genes from culturable and nonculturable Mollicutes. J Microbiol Methods 14:53–61

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doyle JJ, Doyle JL (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochem Bullet 19:11–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuller DQ (2007) Contrasting patterns in crop domestication and domestication rates: recent archaeobotanical insights from the Old World. Ann Bot 100(5):903–924

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghayeb Zamharir M, Aldaghi M (2018) First report of a ’Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’-related strain associated with soybean bud proliferation and seed pod abortion in Iran. New Dis Rep 37:15

  • Gundersen DE, Lee IM (1996) Ultrasensitive detection of phytoplasmas by nested-PCR assays using two universal primer pairs. Phytopathol Mediterr 35:144–151

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gundersen DE, Lee IM, Schaff DA, Harrison NA, Chang CJ, Davis RE, Kingsbury DT (1996) Genomic diversity and differentiation among phytoplasma strains in 16S rRNA group I (aster yellows and related phytoplasmas) and III (X-disease and related phytoplasmas). Int J Syst Bacteriol 46:64–75

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hajong M, Atram PC, Mane SS (2017) Molecular identification of phytoplasma associated with soybean witches’-broom in Vidarbha region, Maharashtra. Inter J Agri Scien 9:4232–4234

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johannesen J, Lux B, Michel K, Seitz A, Maixner M (2008) Invasion biology and host specificity of the grapevine yellows disease vector Hyalesthes obsoletus in Europe. Entomology 126(217–227):048

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K (2016) MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol Biol Evol 33:1870–1874

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee IM, Gundersen-Rindal DE, Bertaccini A (1998) Phytoplasma: ecology and genomic diversity. Phytopathology 88:1359–1366

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee IM, Gundersen-Rindal DE, Davis RE, Bottner KD, Marcone C, Seemüller E (2004) ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’, a novel phytoplasma taxon associated with aster yellows and related diseases. Int J Syst Evol 54:1037–1041

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCoy RE, Caudwell A, Chang CJ, Chen TA, Chiykowski LN, Cousin MT, Dale JL, de Leeuw GTN, Golino DA, Hackett KJ, Kirkpatrick BC, Marwitz R, Petzold H, Sinha RH, Sugiura M, Whitcomb RF, Yang IL, Zhu BM, Seemüller E (1989) Plant diseases associated with mycoplasmalike organisms. Pages 545–560 In: The Mycoplasmas, Vol. 5. R. F. Whitcomb and J. G. Tully, eds. Academic Press, New York

  • Ragimekula N, Chittem K, Nagabudi VN, del Río Mendoza LE (2014) First report of 16SrII-D phytoplasma ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’ associated with mung bean phyllody in Andhra Pradesh, India. Plant Dis 98:1424

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rao GP, Mall S, Raj SK, Snehi SK (2011) Phytoplasma diseases affecting various plant species in India. Acta Phytopathol Entomol Hung 46(1):59–99

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rao GP, Madhupriya TV, Manimekalai R, Tiwari AK, Yadav A (2017) A century progress of research on phytoplasma diseases in India. Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 7(1):1–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smart CD, Schneider B, Blomquist CL, Guerra LJ, Harrison NA, Ahrens U, Lorenz KH, Seemüller E, Kirkpatrick BC (1996) Phytoplasma-specific PCR primers based on sequences of the 16–23S rRNA spacer region. Appl Environ Microbiol 62:2988–2993

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smartt J (1990) Grain legumes: evolution and genetic resources. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. p. 142. ISBN 052130797X. OCLC 19552979

  • Tamura K, Nei M, Kumar S (2004) Prospects for inferring very large phylogenies by using the neighbor-joining method. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:11030–11035

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S (2013) MEGA6: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 30(12):2725–2729

  • Tamura K, Nei M (1993) Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Mol Bio Evol 10:512–526

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG (1997) The CLUSTAL X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4876–4882

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomooka N, Vaughan DA, Moss H, Mixted N (2003) The Asian Vigna: genus Vigna subgenus Ceratotropis genetic resources. Kluwer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Wei W, Davis RE, Lee M, Zhao Y (2007) Computer-simulated RFLP analysis of 16SrRNA genes: identification of ten new phytoplasma groups. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:1855–1867

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wei W, Lee IM, Davis RE, Suo X, Zhao Y (2008) Automated RFLP pattern comparison and similarity coefficient calculation for rapid delineation of new and distinct phytoplasma 16Sr subgroup lineages. Int J Syst Evol 58:2368–2377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Y, Wei W, Lee IM, Shao J, Suo X, Davis RE (2009) Construction of an interactive online phytoplasma classification tool, iPhyClassifier, and its application in analysis of the peach X-disease phytoplasma group (16SrIII). Int J Syst Evol 59:2582–2593

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Y, Davis RE (2016) Criteria for phytoplasma 16Sr group/subgroup delineation and the need of a platform for proper registration of new groups and subgroups. Int J Syst Evol 66:2121–2123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This study was not supported financially by any organization.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Diseases Research Department, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran

    Maryam Ghayeb Zamharir

  2. Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center, Gorgan, Iran

    Samira Shameli

  3. IPM Department, Flavorite Hydroponics, Warragul, VIC, Australia

    Ali Hoseini Gharalari

Authors
  1. Maryam Ghayeb Zamharir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Samira Shameli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ali Hoseini Gharalari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maryam Ghayeb Zamharir.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ghayeb Zamharir, M., Shameli, S. & Hoseini Gharalari, A. Detection and molecular characterization of two genetically distinct phytoplasmas associated with mungbean seed pod abortion in Iran. Australasian Plant Pathol. 50, 451–456 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-021-00795-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-021-00795-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation