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Influence of feeding and organism age on the acute toxicity of sodium bromide to Artemia salina

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Abstract

Bromide is a common ion found in freshwater and marine systems. Although normally at relatively low concentrations, higher levels may occur in point-released wastewaters as well as nonpoint runoff from agricultural or industrial locations where bromide compounds are used as biocides and disinfectants. In this study, the potential toxicity of NaBr in a saltwater environment was studied using the brine shrimp, Artemia salina. The confounding factors of organism age at test initiation and pre-test feeding were included in the test design. Survival of brine shrimp nauplii in several NaBr treatments up to 11,000 mg Br−/L (measured) was assessed after 24 h in both fed- and unfed-tests. In tests with unfed organisms, only the youngest (<24 h old) nauplii had acceptable control survival (≥90%), while control survival for all of the tests with fed organisms (<24 h old, <48 h old, <72 h old) was acceptable. There was also greater and more erratic mortality in the unfed tests. These data indicate feeding A. salina prior to initiating a short-term acute test improved performance. Not feeding the test organisms, especially in longer tests or when using >24 h old organisms, may result in excessive control mortality and an invalid test. These studies show that, when healthy organisms are used in the toxicity tests, 11,000 mg/L of Br− (~14,200 mg/L NaBr) is not acutely toxic to Artemia salina.

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Study data summaries are available; raw data availability may be limited by retrieval labor and overhead costs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. TRE Environmental Strategies, 100 Racquette Drive, Fort Collins, CO, 80524, USA

    David A. Pillard

  2. AECOM, 1413 Webster Ct., Fort Collins, CO, 80524, USA

    Kelly L. Tapp

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  1. David A. Pillard
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  2. Kelly L. Tapp
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Correspondence to David A. Pillard.

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Pillard, D.A., Tapp, K.L. Influence of feeding and organism age on the acute toxicity of sodium bromide to Artemia salina. Ecotoxicology 30, 914–918 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02417-2

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