Abstract
Free space optical (FSO) communication is of paramount importance for the design of next-generation 5G+ wireless networks. These are, however, susceptible to degrading effects of atmospheric turbulence. The use of error correcting codes (ECCs) can mitigate the effects of fading caused by atmospheric turbulence. We evaluate the performance of uncoded and coded FSO communication system, where we use Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem (BCH) and low-density parity-check codes for the coded system. Both the systems under consideration are based on intensity-modulation and direct detection. We investigate the performance of a coded communication system under various channel conditions, viz., slow fading and fast fading gamma–gamma channels for different turbulence regimes and subsequently, obtain the coding gain. We derive the expressions of channel capacity for a fast fading channel and outage capacity for a slow fading channel. We conclude that ECCs deteriorate the bit error rate performance in a slow fading channel. However, for this kind of channel, the combination of ECCs with an interleaver reduces the burst errors and improves the performance which leads to positive coding gain. In a fast fading channel, coding gain is not much and it remains almost same in different turbulence conditions. The analytical results are supported by simulation study.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anguita, J., Djordjevic, I., Neifeld, M., Vasic, B.: Shannon capacities and error-correction codes for optical atmospheric turbulent channels. J. Opt. Netw. 4(9), 586–601 (2005)
Bykhovsky, D.: Simple generation of Gamma–Gamma and K distributions with exponential autocorrelation function. J. Lightwave Technol. 34(9), 2106–2110 (2016)
Chadha, D.: Terrestrial Wireless Optical Communication. McGraw-Hill, New Delhi (2013)
Costello, D.J., Forney, G.D.: Channel coding: the road to channel capacity. Proc. IEEE 95(6), 1150–1177 (2007)
Ding, C.: Parameters of several classes of BCH codes. IEEE Trans. Inf. 61(10), 5322–5330 (2015)
Djordjevic, I.K., Djordjevic, G.T.: On the communication over strong atmospheric turbulence channels by adaptive modulation and coding. Opt. Express 17(20), 18250–18262 (2009)
Djordjevic, I., Ryan, W., Vasic, B.: Coding for Optical Channels. Springer, New York (2010)
Farid, A., Hranilovic, S.: Outage capacity optimization for free-space optical links with pointing errors. J. Lightwave Technol. 25(7), 1702–1710 (2007)
Ghassemlooy, Z., Popoola, W.O.: Terrestrial Free-Space Optical Communications. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2010)
Kaushal, H., Jain, V.K., Kar, S.: Free Space Optical Communication. Springer India, New Delhi (2017)
Lin, S., Costello, D.J.: Error Control Coding. Pearson Education India, Chennai (2004)
Liu, C., Wang, C., Cao, J.C.: Performance analysis of LDPC codes on OOK terahertz wireless channels. Chin. Phys. 25(2), 028702 (2016)
Madhow, U.: Fundamentals of Digital Communication. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2008)
Marelli, A., Micheloni, R.: BCH and LDPC error correction codes for NAND flash memories. In: 3D Flash Memories, pp. 281–320. Springer, Dordrecht (2016)
Principles of Digital Communication II, M.I.T. Open Course War. http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Electrical-Engineering-and-Computer-Science/6-451Spring-2005/Course Home/index.htm (2018). Accessed on 2019
Rappaport, T.S.: Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, vol. 2. Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River (1996)
Rashidpour, M., Jamali, S.H.: Design and analysis of simple irregular LDPC codes with finite-lengths and their application in CDMA systems. Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput. 5(3), 305–318 (2005)
Richardson, T.J., Urbanke, R.L.: The capacity of low-density parity-check codes under message-passing decoding. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 47(2), 599–618 (2001)
Richardson, T.J., Shokrollahi, A., Urbanke, R.: Design of capacity-approaching irregular low-density parity-check codes. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 47(2), 619–637 (2001)
Ryan, W.E., Lin, S.: Channel Codes: Classical and Modern. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge (2009)
Senior, J. M.: Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice. Prentice Hall, Europe (1992)
Sonali, Dixit, A., Jain, V.K.: Performance analysis of STBC-FSO communication system in different turbulence regimes. In: Advances in Communication, Devices and Networking, pp. 409-417. Springer, Singapore (2018)
Sonali, Gupta, N., Dixit, A., Jain, V.K.: Performance analysis of BCH and repetition codes in Gamma–Gamma faded FSO link. In: National Conference on Communications (NCC), pp. 1–5, India (2019)
Sonali, K., Dixit, A., Jain, V.K.: Analytical determination of thresholds of LDPC codes in free space optical channel. IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc. 2, 35–47 (2020)
Tapse, H., Borah, D.K.: Hybrid optical/RF channels: characterization and performance study using low density parity check codes. IEEE Trans. Commun. 57(11), 3288–3297 (2009)
Tse, D., Viswanath, P.: Fundamentals of Wireless Communication. Cambridge University Press, New York (2005)
Yazdani, R., Ardakani, M.: Waterfall performance analysis of finite-length LDPC codes on symmetric channels. IEEE Trans. Commun. 57(11), 3183–3187 (2009)
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Visvesvaraya Ph.D Scheme, MeitY, Govt. of India < MEITY-PHD-1550 > under the project, Visvesvaraya Ph.D Scheme for Electronics and IT at IIT Delhi.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sonali, Gupta, N., Dixit, A. et al. Capacity and BER analysis of BCH and LDPC coded FSO communication system for different channel conditions. Opt Quant Electron 53, 267 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-02949-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-02949-1