Abstract
The objective of this research is to develop an approach to correct nonlinear errors in the SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) elevations, which cannot be handled by most traditional methods. First, a set of uncorrelated feature attributes has been generated from the SRTM digital elevation model (DEM) together with the new freely available Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery, over a dense urban area in Egypt. Second, the SRTM DEM, Sentinel-2 image, and the generated attributes have been applied as input data in an artificial neural network (ANN) classification model to assign each pixel to each of 12 reference elevations. Finally, the posterior probabilities obtained for ANN have been combined based on an inverse probability weighted interpolation (IPWI) approach to estimate revised SRTM elevations. The results were compared with a reference DEM with 1-m vertical accuracy derived through image matching of the Worldview-1 stereo satellite imagery. The process of performance evaluation is based on various statistics such as scatter plots, correlation coefficient (R), standard deviation (SD), and root mean square error (RMSE). The results show that, using the SRTM DEM as a single data source, the RMSE of estimated elevations has improved to 3.04 m. On the other hand, including the Sentinel-2 image has improved the RMSE of elevations to 2.93 m. Including the generated attributes as well has improved the estimated RMSE of the elevations to 2.07 m. Compared with the results from the commonly used multiple linear regression (MLR) method, the improvement in RMSE of the estimated elevations can reach 45%.
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10 May 2021
Springer Nature’s version of this paper was updated to present the correct placement of figures and tables.
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Acknowledgments
The author would like to thank the Department of Surveying at the Engineering College Shoubra, Benha University in Egypt for providing datasets for this work. In addition, the author is indebted to Professor John C. Trinder, UNSW, Sydney, Australia, for the helpful proofreading of the paper.
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Salah, M. SRTM DEM correction over dense urban areas using inverse probability weighted interpolation and Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery. Arab J Geosci 14, 801 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-07148-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-07148-6