Abstract
Anaerobic digestion of food waste appears promising to generate biogas in the context of the growing energy demand and the circular economy. In particular, anaerobic digestion causes less air and solid waste pollution compared to incineration, gasification and pyrolysis. Actual research on biogas production using food waste focuses on the performance of substrates such as manure and bacteria, yet few investigations evaluate the impact of anaerobic digestion on the environment. Here, we review the steps of anaerobic digestion, factors that influence the process, and food waste as main and co-substrate to increase biogas yield. High metabolic activity of anaerobes is optimized by controlling temperature, pH, retention time, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, volatile fatty acid and organic loading rate. We discuss the effect of pre-treatments such as biological, thermal, chemical and mechanical treatments, on anaerobic digestion performance. The impacts of food waste treatments on the environment are compared by life cycle analysis.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Abbreviations
- COD:
-
Chemical oxygen demand
- ERS:
-
Economic Research Service
- FW:
-
Food waste
- GWP:
-
Global warming potential
- HRT:
-
Hydraulic retention time
- IPCC:
-
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- LCA:
-
Life cycle analysis
- OLR:
-
Organic loading rate
- SCOD:
-
Soluble chemical oxygen demand
- SRT:
-
Solid retention time
- TS:
-
Total solids
- TSS:
-
Total suspended solids
- USDA:
-
United States Department of Agriculture
- USEPA:
-
United States Environmental Protection Agency
- VFA:
-
Volatile fatty acid
- VS:
-
Volatile solids
- VSS:
-
Volatile suspended solids
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme, Malaysia [FRGS/1/2019/STG05/UNIM/02/2] and MyPAIR-PHC-Hibiscus Grant [MyPAIR/1/2020/STG05/UNIM/1].
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Kah Rong Chew was involved in the conceptualization; writing—original draft; and visualization. Hui Yi Leong was involved in the conceptualization; writing—review and editing; and supervision. Kuan Shiong Khoo contributed to the conceptualization; writing—review and editing; and supervision. Dai-Viet N. Vo was involved in the writing—review and editing and supervision. Hirra Anjum contributed to the writing—review and editing and supervision. Chih-Kai Chang was involved in the conceptualization; writing—review and editing; coordination; and supervision. Pau Loke Show was involved in the coordination; supervision; and funding acquisition.
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Chew, K.R., Leong, H.Y., Khoo, K.S. et al. Effects of anaerobic digestion of food waste on biogas production and environmental impacts: a review. Environ Chem Lett 19, 2921–2939 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01220-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01220-z