Skip to main content
Log in

Composition Profile and Microstructure Formation of Unidirectionally Solidified Al–4.5 wt% Cu

  • Published:
International Journal of Metalcasting Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The composition profile and the microstructure formation of unidirectionally solidified Al–4.5 wt% Cu sample was investigated. The thermal analysis technique determined the vertical Bridgman’s test sample solidification parameters. Characterization of microstructures was conducted with an optical microscope, and Image-J software determined the α-Al area. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to assess the composition. The composition profile was confirmed with the actual density and micro-hardness value. The results show that the composition of Cu varies between 4.93 and 3.99%, along with the 98.3% drop in the cooling rate. The reduction of Cu composition is in line with the α-Al area, actual density, and micro-hardness value. Two different morphologies of eutectics are found, fine internal fragments in 1.12 to 2.4 °C/s (less than 35 mm) and the lamellar in 0.04 to 0.06 °C/s cooling zone (more than 35 mm).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. F.W. Gayle, M. Goodway, Aluminum Alloy Wright Flyer Crankcase 1788, 1992–1994 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  2. R. Mackay, J. Sokolowski, Experimental observations of dendrite coarsening & Al–Si eutectic growth in progressively quenched structures of Al–Si–Cu casting alloys. Int. J. Metalcast. 2, 57–75 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03355428

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. G.A. Zaki, A.M. Samuel, F.H. Samuel, H.W. Doty et al., Effect of Metallurgical Parameters on the Performance of Al-2%Cu-Based Alloys. Inter Metalcast 11, 581–597 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-016-0113-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. J.G. Kaufman, E.L. Rooy, Aluminum Alloy Cast. Prop. Process. Appl. (2004). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. M. Gunduz, E. Cadirli, Mater. Sci. Eng. 327, 167–185 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. S. Slamet, Suyitno, Pengaruh Konsentrasi Cu Pada Proses Pembekuan Searah (Unidirectional Solidification) Paduan Al-Cu, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2007. http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/home/detail_pencarian/36328

  7. A.B. Michael, M.B. Bever, J. Met. 6, 47–48 (1954)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. M. Dehnavi, V. Hosein, M.H. Sabzevar, Assoc. Metall. Eng. Serbia AMES 20, 107–117 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  9. D. Eskin, Q. Du, D. Ruvalcaba, L. Katgerman, Mater. Sci. Eng. A (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.05.105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. N.C. Verissimo, C. Brito, W.L.R. Santos, N. Cheung, J.E. Spinelli, A. Garcia, J. Alloys Compd. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.11.117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. D.M. Stefanescu, Science and Engineering of Casting Solidification, 3rd edn. (Springer, Tuscaloosa, 2015).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  12. D. Masnur, Suyitno, V. Malau, The influence of mold material on cooling curve, solidification parameters, and micro-hardness of Al–6 wt% Si in unidirectional solidification. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 547, 1 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. T. Winarno, Teknik 37, 41–46 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. ASM International, ASM Handbook, Volume 3, Alloy Phase Diagrams, 2004

  15. D. Masnur, V. Malau, Suyitno. J. Mech. Eng. Sci. 14 (2020). https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.14.3.2020.13.0558

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. W. Desrosin, L. Boycho, V. Scheiber, C.M. Méndez, C.E. Schvezov, A.E. Ares, Proc. Mater. Sci. (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2015.04.158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. D.H. Askeland, P.P. Fulay, Materials Science and Engineering 2nd Editions, 2010

  18. H. Kaya, U. Böyük, E. Çadirli, N. Maraşli, Met. Mater. Int. 19, 39–44 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. E. Çadirli, Met. Mater. Int. (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-013-3006-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. T. Chen, X. Li, H. Guo, Y. Hao, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(15)63739-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. ASTM Int., ASTM E384: Standard Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness of Materials, ASTM Stand. (2012) https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1520/E0384-11E01.2.

  22. M.W. Barsoum, Fundamentals of Ceramics (Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol, 2003).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  23. S. Wu, M. Okayasu, T. Kuwada, Microstructural Characteristics of Unidirectionally Solidified Cast Al–Si–Cu Alloy. Inter Metalcast (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-020-00542-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. W.D. Griffiths, Met. Mater. Trans. B 30, 473–482 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. O.L. Rocha, C.A. Siqueira, A. Garcia, Metall. Mater. Trans. A (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-003-0229-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Q.Z. Diao, H.L. Tsai, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 36, 4299–4305 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. I.L. Ferreira, C.A. Santos, V. Voller, A. Garcia, Met. Mater. Trans. B (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-004-0030-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. D. Ferdian, J. Lacaze, I. Lizarralde, A. Niklas, A.I. Fernandez-calvo, Mater. Sci. Forum. (2013). https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.765.130

  29. D. Ferdian, Y. Thebault, A. Freulon, J. Lacaze, Int. J. Cast Met. Res. (2015). https://doi.org/10.1179/1743133615Y.0000000014

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Great appreciation to the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia and Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP) for providing financial support with contract no. PRJ-1435/LPDP.4/2019.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Viktor Malau.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Masnur, D., Malau, V. & Suyitno, S. Composition Profile and Microstructure Formation of Unidirectionally Solidified Al–4.5 wt% Cu. Inter Metalcast 16, 349–358 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-021-00598-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-021-00598-4

Keywords

Navigation