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Monitoring Water Quality in Lien Son Irrigation System of Vietnam and Identification of Potential Pollution Sources by Using Multivariate Analysis

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Abstract

The objective of this study is to evaluate the water quality of the Lien Son irrigation system in Vietnam and identify the critical pollutants that affect the system’s water quality. Firstly, the water quality at fifteen locations distributed along the main Lien Son drainage and irrigation canals was monitored in the dry season (from January to March) for 3 consecutive years (2018, 2019, and 2020) to collect nine physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters. And then, principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA) were applied to extract and identify the critical pollutants which helps to preliminarily detect the potential pollution sources to the irrigation system. Results of PCA and FA showed the principal groups of pollutants which had a significant influence on the water quality of the system. Sampling locations LS7 and LS8 had the heaviest pollution. The primary factors that influenced the pollution of the system were organic matter (COD and BOD5), nutrients (N-NH\(_{4}^{+}\) and P-PO\(_{4}^{3-}\)), sediment transport (turbidity and TSS), and coliform. These factors are usually associated with the sources of domestic wastewaters and agricultural runoff from the vicinity. This suggested that urgent actions should be taken to control domestic wastewaters and agricultural runoff from the vicinity so that they could not deteriorate the water quality of the system.

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Acknowledgements

Water quality data was collected from the project “Monitoring and forecasting water quality in Lien Son irrigation system, supporting water intake for agricultural production” managed by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Vietnam. The authors also would like to thank Dr. Dang Thuan Ta from Faculty of Chemistry and Environment Technology, Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Vietnam, for his valuable supports during the revision of this paper.

Funding

This research was funded by Thuyloi University Foundation for Science and Technology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ROOM team, Thuyloi University, 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Bui Quoc Lap, Nguyen Hoai Nam, Bui Thi Kim Anh & Vu Duc Toan

  2. Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Bui Thi Kim Anh

  3. Institute for Water and Environment, Vietnam Academy for Water Resources, 171 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Trinh Thi Thuy Linh & Le Xuan Quang

  4. Undergraduate Course of Environmental Engineering, Thuyloi University, 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Bui Thi Thanh Hang

  5. School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University-Rangsit Campus, 99 Moo 18, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand

    Sandhya Babel

  6. Computer Science Department, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Thi-Thu-Hong Phan

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  1. Bui Quoc Lap
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  2. Nguyen Hoai Nam
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  3. Bui Thi Kim Anh
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  4. Trinh Thi Thuy Linh
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  5. Le Xuan Quang
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  7. Bui Thi Thanh Hang
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  9. Thi-Thu-Hong Phan
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Correspondence to Bui Quoc Lap or Thi-Thu-Hong Phan.

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Lap, B.Q., Nam, N.H., Anh, B.T.K. et al. Monitoring Water Quality in Lien Son Irrigation System of Vietnam and Identification of Potential Pollution Sources by Using Multivariate Analysis. Water Air Soil Pollut 232, 187 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05137-9

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