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Seed Priming and Its Role in Mitigating Heat Stress Responses in Crop Plants

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Abstract

Rise in temperature beyond threshold level that causes irreversible damage in plants is heat stress while heat stress during reproductive or grain filling period is regarded as terminal heat stress. Heat stress significantly alters plant growth and metabolic activities and makes them struggle for survival. Terminal heat stress obstructs growth and development of crops by disturbing their physiological and biochemical progressions of reproductive stages like grain/pod filling, their development, maturation, ripening and ultimately conferring yield loss. However, one of the easiest and low-priced advanced techniques to diminish this loss is seed priming. In this technique, seeds are soaked in different nutrient-enriched solutions to improve their quality for establishing uniform and rapid seed germination, resulting in healthy and vigorous seedlings. This method of seed soaking elicits pre-germinative metabolic responses inside seed that leads to early germination and fastens crop establishment process. Various priming techniques have been adapted that include hydropriming, halopriming, osmopriming, sand matric priming and nutripriming (priming with water, salt, osmoticum, moist sand and nutrient). Seed priming has an important role to alleviate terminal heat stress by inducing the activity of many enzymes during pre-soaking period as various enzymes require hydration energy for activation. Seed priming also sometimes increases production and activity of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and molecular chaperones to ensure proper protein folding and prevent protein denaturation during heat stress condition. Despite positive responses of various seed priming techniques, these have been less applied in the area of crop production in the field condition. Considering these facts, this review depicts responses of the plants under heat stress and its management through seed priming techniques, especially under field condition, and to associate the same with enhanced crop production under the stressful situations.

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Abbreviations

HSPs:

heat shock proteins

PEG:

polyethylene glycol

LEA:

late embryogenesis protein

LAI:

leaf area index

LA:

leaf area

CGR:

crop growth rate

NAR:

net assimilation rate

RGR:

relative growth rate

RWC:

relative water content

PIPs:

plasma membrane intrinsic proteins

TIPs:

tonoplast intrinsic proteins

ETS:

electron transport system

PS:

photosystem

RuBP:

ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

POD:

peroxidase

CAT:

catalase

APX:

ascorbate peroxidase

GR:

glutathione reductase

H2O2:

hydrogen peroxide

POX:

peroxidases

HSFs:

heat shock factors

HS:

heat shock

TF:

transcriptional factors

DHN:

dehydrin

DREB:

dehydration-responsive binding elements

AREB:

abscisic acid-responsive elements

CDPK:

calcium-dependent protein kinase

MAPK:

mitogen-activated protein kinase

IP3 :

inositol trisphosphate

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  1. Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

    Payal Chakraborty & Padmanabh Dwivedi

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  1. Payal Chakraborty
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Chakraborty, P., Dwivedi, P. Seed Priming and Its Role in Mitigating Heat Stress Responses in Crop Plants. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 21, 1718–1734 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00474-4

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