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Norfloxacin Analogues: Drug Likeness, Synthesis, Biological, and Molecular Docking Assessment

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Abstract

Norfloxacin (I) and its 1,3,4-oxadiazole, thiazolidin-4-one, 1,3,4-oxadiazoline, 1,2,4-triazole, Schiff’s base, hydrazide and 1,3,4-thiadiazole analogues (II–VIII), were screened for drug-likeness using molinspiration chemoinformatics software, and found that only (I–IV) and (VI), were possessed the bioactivity score in the zone of an active drug molecule. Then the analogues (II–VIII) lead to the synthesis and characterization by spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, NMR (1H and 13C), and Mass spectroscopy, etc. Moreover, the antimicrobial assessment was performed using the methods of disc diffusion and serial dilutions and the findings revealed that the analogue (VI–VIII) have been found to express better antibacterial effects than the reference drug norfloxacin (I). The MTT assay was also carried out to assess the toxic effects of norfloxacin and its analogues (I–VIII), against HepG2 cells and found to be less toxic, with percent viability of the cells in the range of 71–75% at 100 µM. Molecular docking studies were performed using AutoDock Tools-1.5.6, against the receptor GlcN-6P (2VF5), to estimate the extent of hydrogen bonding and binding affinities. Hydrogen bonding was not observed in accordance with the experimental findings, while good binding affinities were observed in the range of –5.6 to 7.7 kcal/mole.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Dr. Mohammad Arshad is highly thankful to Dr. Feras Al-Marshad, Dean College of Medicine, Al-Dawadmi, Shaqra University Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, for his kind support to accomplish this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, 11911, Al-Dawadmi, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Arshad

  2. Interdisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

    Mohd Shoeb Khan

  3. Department of Kulliyat, Faculty of Unani Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

    Shahab A. A. Nami

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  1. Mohammad Arshad
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  2. Mohd Shoeb Khan
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  3. Shahab A. A. Nami
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Correspondence to Mohammad Arshad.

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This article doesnot contain any studies involving human participants performed by any of the authors and does not contain any studies involving animals performed by any of the author.

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Corresponding author: e-mail: mohdarshad1985@gmail.com; m.arshad@su.edu.sa.

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Arshad, M., Khan, M.S. & Nami, S.A. Norfloxacin Analogues: Drug Likeness, Synthesis, Biological, and Molecular Docking Assessment. Russ J Bioorg Chem 47, 483–495 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1068162021020047

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