Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Study of the Process of Leaching of Long-Lived Radionuclides 14С and 36Сl from Irradiated Graphite

  • Published:
Radiochemistry Aims and scope

Abstract

The release of long-lived radionuclides 14C and 36Cl , which are key products for assessment of disposal variants (near-surface, buried, or deep) of irradiated graphite, was analyzed. Test material was irradiated graphite from IUGR and RBMK-1000 reactors. Unlike other types of radioactive waste (RAW), graphite has the developed pore structure and, consequently, its effective surface area in contact with the leaching medium is increased in comparison with non-porous materials. With due to regard for the graphite pore structure, the mechanism describing the leaching process is proposed and experimentally substantiated. The parameters numerically characterizing graphite RAW in terms of leaching resistance, independent of the geometric shape of individual fragments (samples) are also introduced. The proposed parameters and an algorithm for their determination are recommended by the authors for use in predictive calculations of the release of radionuclides from graphite under conditions of long-term storage/disposal.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Dorofeev, A.N., Komarov, E.A., Zakharova, E.V., Volkova, A.G., Martynov, K.V., Linge, I.I., Ivanov, A.Yu., Utkin, S.S., Pavlyuk, A.O., and Kotlyarevskii, S.G., Radioaktivnye Otkhody, 2019, no. 2(7), p. 18. https://doi.org/10.25283/2587-9707-2019-2-18-30.

  2. IAEA TECDOC no. 1790 “Processing of Irradiated Graphite to Meet Acceptance Criteria for Waste Disposal. Results of a Coordinated Research Project,” Vienna: IAEA, 2016.

  3. Pavliuk, A., Bespal, E., and Kotlyarevskiy, S., ECED 2017 Conference Guide and Book of Abstracts. Eastern and Central European Decommissioning, June 20–22, 2017, Trnava, Slovakia.

  4. Tsyganov, A.A., Komarov, E.A., Kotlyarevskiy, S.G., and Pavliyk A.O., Bull. Tomsk Polytech. Univ., 2007, no. 2, p. 88.

  5. Wickham, A., Steinmetz, H.-J., O’Sullivan, P., and Ojovan, M.I., J. Environ. Radioact., 2017, vol. 171, pp. 34–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.01.022.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bushuev, A.V., Kozhin, A.F., Petrova, E.V., et al., Radioaktivnyi reaktornyi grafit (Radioactive Reactor Graphite), Moscow: MIFI, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  7. GOST (State Standard) 29114-91. Radioactive Waste. Long-time Leaching Measurement of Solidified Radioactive Waste.

  8. GOST (State Standard) 52126–2003. Radioactive Waste. Long-time Leach Testing of Solidified Radioactive Waste Forms.

  9. Pavlyuk, A.O., Kotlyarevskii, S.G., Kan, R.I., Volkova, A.G., Zolotov, D.A., Pakhnevich, A.V., Zakharova, E.V., and Shiryaev, A.A., Radiochemistry, 2020, vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 526–535. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1066362220060089

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Pavlyuk, A.O., Kotlyarevskii, S.G., Bespala, E.V., Volkova, A.G., and Zakharova, E.V., Izv. Tomsk. Politekhn. Univ., Inzhiniring Georesursov, 2017, no. 328(8), pp. 24-32.

  11. Bespala, E.V., Pavlyuk, A.O., Zagumennov, V.S., and Kotlyarevskii, S.G., Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved.Yadern. Energetika, 2017, no. 4, pp. 116–126. https://doi.org/10.26583/npe.2017.4.11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Shiryaev, A.A., Volkova, A.G., Zakharova, E.V., et al., Radiochemistry, 2018, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 564–570. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0033831118060151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Vukovic, F., Leyssale, J.-M., Aurel, P., and Marks, N.A., Phys. Rev. Applied., 2018, vol. 10, no. 6, ID 064040. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.10.064040

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Gurovich, B.A., and Prikhodko, K.E., RADIAT EFF DEFECT S, 2001, vol. 154, no. 1, pp. 39–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/10420150108214042

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bespala, E.V., Pavlyuk, A.O., Kotlyarevskii, S.G., and Novoselov, I.Yu., Poverkhnost’. Rentgenovskie, Sinkhrotronnye i Neitronnye Issledovaniya, 2020, no. 2. pp. 1–9.

  16. Pokhitonov, Yu.A., Radiochemistry, 2020, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 183–194. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1066362220030017

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The activity of 14С and 36Cl radionuclides in the samples was measured on an equipment of the Center for the Collective Use of Physical Research Methods of the Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (CCU PMI IPCE RAS). The study was supported in part by the Program no. 14P of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pilot and Demonstration Center for Decommissioning of Uranium-Graphite Nuclear Reactors, Seversk, 636000, Tomsk oblast, Russia

    A. O. Pavlyuk, S. G. Kotlyarevskii & R. I. Kan

  2. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russia

    A. G. Volkova & E. V. Zakharova

Authors
  1. A. O. Pavlyuk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. G. Kotlyarevskii
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. R. I. Kan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. G. Volkova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. E. V. Zakharova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. G. Volkova.

Ethics declarations

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Translated from Radiokhimiya, No. 2, pp. 149–159, February, 2021 https://doi.org/10.31857/S0033831121020088

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Pavlyuk, A.O., Kotlyarevskii, S.G., Kan, R.I. et al. Study of the Process of Leaching of Long-Lived Radionuclides 14С and 36Сl from Irradiated Graphite. Radiochemistry 63, 187–196 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1066362221020090

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1066362221020090

Keywords:

Search

Navigation