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Effect of Reedy Emergent Side-Vegetation in Gravel-Bed Streams on Bed Shear Stress: Patch Scale Analysis

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Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Vegetation in open channels alters turbulent and other hydraulic characteristics of flow. Hence, conventional methods for computing bed shear stress in bare channels are not applicable in such channels. The present study, therefore, experimentally investigates the distributions of velocity in 3D in gravel bed channels with vegetation and investigates six different methods for estimating bed shear stress. The distribution of shear stress is basically controlled by the spatial distribution of vegetation as well as the biomechanical and architectural features of these plants. It is found that near the bottom of the flume, the shear stress changes in dense layers, constituting a layered shape.

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Abbreviations

A V :

Frontal projected area of the stem for the emergent vegetation

Br:

Numerical constant of integration

C D :

Drag coefficient

D :

Frontal projected

d 50 :

Median diameter of sediment particles H flow depth

g :

Gravitational acceleration

H :

Flow depth

K :

Karman's universal constant (k = 0.4)

k s :

Equivalent sand roughness

m :

Vegetation density

s :

Energy slope that is equal to bed slop in uniform flow

U':

RMS value of the velocity fluctuation in the longitudinal direction

U :

The velocity components in the streamwise direction (mean velocity)

U * :

Shear velocity

U f :

Turbulence fluctuations in the longitudinal directions

V':

RMS value of the velocity fluctuation in the transverse direction

V :

The velocity components in the transverse direction

W':

RMS value of the velocity fluctuation in the vertical direction

W :

The velocity components in the vertical direction

W f :

Turbulence fluctuations in the vertical directions

z :

Axis perpendicular to the bed

Z :

Flow depth from the bed of channel

z/H:

Relative flow depth

ρ:

Water density

τ0 :

Bed shear stress

τRey :

Local Reynolds stress

τt :

Total shear stress

τvis :

Local viscous stress

\(\vartheta\) :

Kinematic viscosity of flow

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Oral Yagci reviewer for their useful comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Water Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

    Parisa Setayesh

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Hossein Afzalimehr

Authors
  1. Parisa Setayesh
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  2. Hossein Afzalimehr
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Correspondence to Parisa Setayesh.

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Setayesh, P., Afzalimehr, H. Effect of Reedy Emergent Side-Vegetation in Gravel-Bed Streams on Bed Shear Stress: Patch Scale Analysis. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Civ Eng 46, 1375–1392 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-021-00630-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-021-00630-x

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