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Conflict, Population Movement, and Microscale Social Networks in Northern Iroquoian Archaeology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 April 2021

Jennifer Birch Open the ORCID record for Jennifer Birch [Opens in a new window]  and
John P. Hart Open the ORCID record for John P. Hart [Opens in a new window]
Jennifer Birch
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, 250 Baldwin Hall, Jackson Street, Athens, GA30602-1619, USA (jabirch@uga.edu).
John P. Hart*
Affiliation:
Research and Collections Division, New York State Museum, 3140 Cultural Education Center, Albany, NY12230, USA
*
(john.hart@nysed.gov, corresponding author).
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Abstract

We employ social network analysis of collar decoration on Iroquoian vessels to conduct a multiscalar analysis of signaling practices among ancestral Huron-Wendat communities on the north shore of Lake Ontario. Our analysis focuses on the microscale of the West Duffins Creek community relocation sequence as well as the mesoscale, incorporating several populations to the west. The data demonstrate that network ties were stronger among populations in adjacent drainages as opposed to within drainage-specific sequences, providing evidence for west-to-east population movement, especially as conflict between Wendat and Haudenosaunee populations escalated in the sixteenth century. These results suggest that although coalescence may have initially involved the incorporation of peoples from microscale (local) networks, populations originating among wider mesoscale (subregional) networks contributed to later coalescent communities. These findings challenge previous models of village relocation and settlement aggregation that oversimplified these processes.

Nous employons une analyse des réseaux sociaux de la décoration des collets de vases iroquoiens pour réaliser une analyse multi-scalaire de signalisation des pratiques au sein des communautés ancestrales Huron-Wendat sur la rive nord du lac Ontario. Notre analyse met l'accent sur la micro-échelle ainsi que la méso-échelle de la séquence de réinstallation de la communauté de West Duffins Creek, incorporant plusieurs populations à l'ouest. Les données montrent que les liens tissés au sein du réseau étaient plus solides chez les populations dans les bassins hydrographiques adjacents qu'au sein des séquences spécifiques au bassin, prouvant un mouvement de population d'ouest en est, alors que le conflit entre les peuples Wendat et Haudenosaunee s'aggravait au seizième siècle. Ces résultats suggèrent que bien que la coalescence puisse avoir au départ impliqué l'incorporation de peuples en provenance de petits réseaux (locaux), les populations originaires de réseaux plus larges (sous-régionaux) ont contribué à une coalescence ultérieure des communautés. Ces résultats remettent en cause les modèles précédents de réinstallation et de regroupement des villages qui simplifiaient trop ces procédés.

Keywords

social network analysisancestral Wendat archaeologyvillage removal sequencessettlement systemsmultiscalar analysisl’analyse de réseau socialarchéologie ancestrale Wendatséquences de retrait du villagesystèmes de règlementanalyse multiscalaire
Type
Article
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 86 , Issue 2 , April 2021 , pp. 350 - 367
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Society for American Archaeology

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