Abstract
Cardite, Zn5.5(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)(OH)3·3H2O, is a new secondary mineral from the Block 14 Opencut, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. Cardite occurs as radiating sprays of acicular crystals to 0.09 mm in length associated with anglesite, pyromorphite and köttigite. The mineral is white to pinkish white and pale tan with a white streak. Crystals are translucent with a vitreous lustre. The tenacity is brittle and the fracture is uneven. The calculated density is 4.02 g/cm3. Electron microprobe analyses (WDS mode) gave ZnO 43.39, CdO 7.26, CoO 1.24, MnO 0.59, FeO 0.12, As2O5 38.84, SO3 0.20, H2O (calc) 9.97, total 101.61 wt%. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 18 oxygen atoms is (Zn4.75,Cd0.50,Co0.15,Mn0.07,Fe0.01)5.48[(AsO4)2.01(SO4)0.02]2.03(AsO3OH)(OH)2.89·2.98H2O. Cardite is orthorhombic, Cmcm, with unit-cell dimensions (100 K): a = 15.110(3), b = 15.492(3), c = 6.3850(13) Å, V = 1494.7(5) Å3 and Z = 4. The eight strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [d(Å), (I), (hkl)]: 10.783 (100) (110), 7.564 (85) (200), 4.143 (48) (221), 3.328 (31) (041), 3.012 (20) (421), 2.763 (31) (222), 2.668 (24) (312), 2.451 (21) 260, 351, 461). The crystal structure of cardite (R1 = 0.067 for 13938 observed reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo)) contains sheets of edge-sharing octahedra in which there is one vacancy for each four Zn cations in the sheet. Two orthogonal sheets lie parallel to (110) and to (1–10) and link along [001] by sharing common octahedra. AsO4 tetrahedra link to both sides of the sheet by corner-sharing. ZnO4 tetrahedra occupy channels in the structure and link to the sheets via corner-sharing AsO4 tetrahedra.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Birch WD (1990) Minerals from the Kintore and Block 14 Opencuts, Broken Hill, N.S.W.; a review of recent discoveries, including tsumebite, kipushite and otavite. Aust Miner 5:125–141
Birch WD (1999) The minerals. In: Birch WD (ed) Minerals of Broken Hill. Broken Hill Council, Broken Hill, pp 88–256
Bruker (2001) SADABS. Bruker AXS Inc, Madison
Card GW (1894) Mineralogical and petrological notes no. 2. Rec Geol Surv New South Wales 4:19–21
Card GW (1895) Mineralogical and petrological notes no. 3. Rec Geol Surv New South Wales 4:130–134
Card GW (1896) Mineralogical and petrological notes no. 4. Rec Geol Surv New South Wales 5:6–14
Card GW (1897) Mineralogical and petrological notes no. 6. Rec Geol Surv New South Wales 5:121–123
Card GW (1905) Mineralogical and petrological notes no. 9. Rec Geol Surv New South Wales 8:153–156
Card GW (1919) Mineralogical and petrological notes no. 13. Rec Geol Surv New South Wales 9:175–188
Cooper MA, Abdu YA, Ball NA, Hawthorne FC, Back ME, Tait KT, Schlüter J, Malcherek T, Pohl D, Gebhard G (2012) Ianbruceite, ideally [Zn2(OH)(H2O)(AsO4)](H2O)2, a new arsenate mineral from the Tsumeb mine, Otjikoto (Oshikoto) region, Namibia: description and crystal structure. Mineral Mag 76:1119–1131
Dowty E (1999) ATOMS for Windows and Macintosh. Version 5.0.6. Shape Software, Kingsport
Elliott P (2019) Hodgesmithite, (Cu,Zn)6Zn(SO4)2(OH)10·3H2O, a new copper zinc sulfate mineral with a unique decorated, interrupted-sheet structure. Acta Crystallogr B 75:1069–1075
Elliott P, Kolitsch U (2018) Description and crystal structure of vanderheydenite, Zn6(PO4)2(SO4)(OH)4·7H2O, new mineral from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. Eur J Mineral 30:835–840
Elliott P, Pring A (2015a) Aldridgeite, a new mineral from the Block 14 Opencut, Broken Hill, New South Wales. Aust J Mineral 17:67–71
Elliott P, Pring A (2015b) Yancowinnaite, a new mineral from the Kintore Opencut, Broken Hill, New South Wales. Aust J Mineral 17:73–76
Elliott P, Brugger J, Pring A, Cole ML, Willis AC, Kolitsch U (2008) Birchite, a new mineral from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia: description and structure refinement. Am Mineral 93:910–917
Elliott P, Kolitsch U, Giester G, Libowitzky E, McCammon C, Pring A, Birch WD (2009) Description and crystal structure of a new mineral – plimerite, ZnFe3 + 4(PO4)3(OH)5 – the Zn–analogue of rockbridgeite and frondelite, from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. Mineral Mag 73:131–148
Elliott P, Turner P, Jensen P, Kolitsch U, Pring A (2009) Description and crystal structure of nyholmite, a new mineral related to hureaulite, from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. Mineral Mag 73:521–533
Elliott P, Brugger J, Caradoc–Davies T (2010) Description and crystal structure of a new mineral, edwardsite, Cu3Cd2(SO4)2(OH)6·4H2O, from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. Mineral Mag 74:29–43
Elliott P, Giester G, Libowitzky E, Kolitsch U (2010) Description and crystal structure of liversidgeite, Zn6(PO4)4 ·7H2O, a new mineral from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. Am Mineral 95:397–404
Gagné OC, Hawthorne FC (2015) Comprehensive derivation of bond-valence parameters for ion pairs involving oxygen. Acta Crystallogr B 71:562–578
Hawthorne FC, Cooper MA, Grice JD, Roberts AC, Hubbard N (2002) Description and crystal structure of bobkingite, Cu52+Cl2(OH)8(H2O)2, a new mineral from New Cliffe Hill Quarry, Stanton-under-Bardon, Leicestershire, UK. Mineral Mag 66:301–311
Hawthorne FC, Cooper MA, Abdu YA, Ball NA, Back ME, Tait KT (2012) Davidlloydite, ideally Zn3(AsO4)2(H2O)4, a new arsenate mineral from the Tsumeb mine, Otjikoto (Oshikoto) region, Namibia: description and crystal structure. Mineral Mag 7:45–57
Hill RJ (1979) The crystal structure of köttigite. Am Mineral 64:376–382
Holland TJB, Redfern SAT (1997) Unit cell refinement from powder diffraction data; the use of regression diagnostics. Mineral Mag 61:65–77
Kabsch W (2010) XDS. Acta Crystallogr D66:125–132
Keller P, Hess H, Riffel H (1980) Die Kristallstruktur von Koritnigit Zn((H2O) (OH)(AsO3)). Neues Jahrb Mineral Abh 138:316–332
Kraus W, Nolze G (1996) POWDER CELL – a program for the representation and manipulation of crystal structures and calculation of the resulting X-ray powder patterns. J Appl Crystallogr 29:301–303
Libowitzky E (1999) Correlation of O-H stretching frequencies and O-H···O hydrogen bond lengths in minerals. Monatsh Chem 130:1047–1059
McLean WJ, Anthony JW, Finney JJ, Laughon RB (1971) The crystal structure of legrandite. Am Mineral 56:1147–1154
Mills SJ, Grey IE, Mumme WG, Miyawaki R, Matsubara S, Bordet P, Birch WD, Raudsepp M (2008) Kolitschite, Pb[Zn0.5,□0.5]Fe3(AsO4)2(OH)6, a new mineral from the Kintore opencut, Broken Hill, New South Wales. Aust J Mineral 14:63–67
Neuhold F, Kolitsch U, Bernhardt H-J, Lengauer CL (2012) Arsenohopeite, a new zinc arsenate mineral from the Tsumeb mine, Namibia. Mineral Mag 76:603–612
Pouchou JL, Pichoir F (1985) “PAP” phi-rho-Z procedure for improved quantitative microanalysis. In: Armstrong JT (ed) Microbeam Anal. San Francisco Press, San Francisco/C, pp 104–106
Pushcharovskii DY, Pobedimskaya EA, Belov NV (1971) The crystal structure of legrandite Zn2(AsO4)OH(H2O). Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 198:1072–1075
Riffel H, Keller P, Hess H (1980) Die Kristallstruktur von Warikahnit, Zn3((H2O)2(AsO4)2). Tscherm Mineral Petrogr Mitt 27:187–199
Shannon RD (1976) Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr A32:751–767
Sheldrick GM (2008) A short history of SHELX. Acta Crystallogr A64:112–122
Sheldrick GM (2015) Crystal Structure refinement with SHELX. Acta Crystallogr C71:3–8
Stevens BPJ (1998) The origins of the Broken Hill rock types and their relevance to the mineralisation. In: Abstracts from Broken Hill Exploration Initiative annual meeting, 1998, Rec Aust Geol Surv Organisation 25, pp 109–114
Van der Heyden A, Edgecombe DR (1990) Silver-lead-zinc deposit at South Mine, Broken Hill. In: Hughes FE (ed) Geology of the mineral deposits of Australia and Papua New Guinea: Melbourne, Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Monograph 14:1073–1077
Willis IL, Brown RE, Stroud WJ, Stevens BPJ (1983) The Early Proterozoic Willyama Supergroup: Stratigraphic sub-division and interpretation of high to low grade metamorphic rocks in the Broken Hill Block, N.S.W. J Geol Soc Aust 30:195–224
Acknowledgments
Ben Wade of Adelaide Microscopy, The University of Adelaide is thanked for assistance with the microprobe analysis. The infrared spectrum was acquired with the assistance of the Forensic Science Centre, Adelaide. The single-crystal x-ray data set was collected at the microfocus beam line MX2 at the Australian Synchrotron. The author thanks Peter Leverett, Fernando Cámara and an anonymous referee for valuable comments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Editorial handling: L. Bindi
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Elliott, P. Cardite, Zn5.5(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)(OH)3·3H2O, a new zinc arsenate mineral from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. Miner Petrol 115, 467–475 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-021-00750-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-021-00750-2