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Poly(acrylic acid)/gum arabic/ZnO semi-IPN hydrogels: synthesis, characterization and their optimizations by response surface methodology

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Abstract

Synthesis of novel semi-interpenetrating poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/gum arabic (AG)/ZnO hydrogels by in situ free radical polymerization was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The reaction variables were the molar ratio of the cross-linking agent (X1), the weight percentage of gum arabic (AG) (X2) as the reaction medium, and the amount of ZnO (X3), each of which was considered at five levels. The evaluated responses in RSM based on the central composite design (CCD) were the formation of samples (Y1), swelling ratio (Y2), conversion (Y3), and percentage of networking (Y4). Zinc oxide particles (ZnO) were prepared through a cost-effective and safe method based on the mixing of zinc acetate solution, ammonia solution, and sodium hydroxide into a microwave oven. The synthesized ZnO particles and prepared semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPNs) were evaluated by energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Synthesized samples based on RSM showed that hydrogels with less than 0.75 g of gum do not have suitable desirability. Also, the confirmation of the appropriate amount of cross-linking agent in hydrogels is between 10 and 16 (mol %), and more than this amount, the desirability of the responses decreases sharply. The results showed that increasing the amount of GA, as a biological macromolecule, significantly improves hydrogel formation, swelling rate, conversion, and networking of semi-IPNs which for the sample proposed by RSM were 1, 245%, 86%, and 94.5%, respectively.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the University of Tehran for their contributions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Polymer Group, Faculty of Technical and Engineering, Golestan University, P.O. Box 155, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran

    Azin Behravesh & Alireza Goudarzi

  2. Caspian Faculty of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 43841-119, Rezvanshar, Guilan, Iran

    Mohsen Shahrousvand

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  1. Azin Behravesh
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  2. Mohsen Shahrousvand
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Correspondence to Mohsen Shahrousvand or Alireza Goudarzi.

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Behravesh, A., Shahrousvand, M. & Goudarzi, A. Poly(acrylic acid)/gum arabic/ZnO semi-IPN hydrogels: synthesis, characterization and their optimizations by response surface methodology. Iran Polym J 30, 655–674 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-021-00920-1

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