Abstract
The Hopf surfaces provide a family of minimal non-Kähler surfaces of class VII on which little is known about the Chern–Ricci flow. We use a construction of Gauduchon–Ornea for locally conformally Kähler metrics on primary Hopf surfaces of class 1 to study solutions of the Chern–Ricci flow. These solutions reach a volume collapsing singularity in finite time, and we show that the metric tensor satisfies a uniform upper bound, supporting the conjecture that the Gromov-Hausdorff limit is isometric to a round\(S^1\). Uniform \(C^{1+\beta }\) estimates are also established for the potential. Previous results had only been known for the simplest examples of Hopf surfaces.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
The primary Hopf surfaces consist of both those of class 1, and those of class 0 which are defined as quotients of \(\mathbb C^2 {\setminus } \{0\}\) of the form \((z_1,z_2) \mapsto (\beta ^m z_1 + \lambda z_2^m, \beta z_2)\) for some positive integer m and \(\beta ,\lambda \in \mathbb C\) with \(1 < |\beta |\) and \(\lambda \ne 0\).
References
Barth, W., Hulek, K., Peters, C., van de Ven, A.: Compact Complex Surfaces, Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete. 3. Folge/A Series of Modern Surveys in Mathematics, vol. 4, 2 edn. Springer, Berlin (2004)
Bogomolov, F.A.: Surfaces of class VII\(_0\) and affine geometry. Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Mat. 46(4), 710–761 (1982)
Cao, H.D.: Deformation of Kähler metrics to Kähler–Einstein metrics on compact Kähler manifolds. Invent. Math 81(2), 359–372 (1985)
Chen, X.X., Wang, B.: Kähler–Ricci flow on Fano manifolds (I). J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 14(6), 2001–2038 (2012)
Fang, S., Tosatti, V., Weinkove, B., Zheng, T.: Inoue surfaces and the Chern–Ricci flow. J. Funct. Anal. 271(11), 3162–3185 (2016)
Feldman, M., Ilmanen, T., Knopf, D.: Rotationally symmetric shrinking and expanding gradient Kähler–Ricci solitons. J. Differ. Geom. 65(2), 169–209 (2003)
Gauduchon, P.: Le théoreme de l’excentricité nulle. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 285, 387–390 (1977)
Gauduchon, P.: La 1-forme de torsion d’une variété hermitienne compacte. Math. Ann. 267, 495–518 (1984)
Gauduchon, P., Ornea, L.: Locally conformally Kähler metrics on Hopf surfaces. Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble) 48(4), 1107–1127 (1998)
Gill, M.: Convergence of the parabolic complex Monge–Ampère equation on compact Hermitian manifolds. Commun. Anal. Geom. 19(2), 277–303 (2011)
Gill, M., Smith, D.J.: The behavior of Chern scalar curvature under Chern–Ricci flow. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 143(11), 4875–83 (2013)
Harvey, R., Blaine Lawson, H.: An intrinsic characterization of Kähler manifolds. Invent. Math. 74(2), 169–198 (1983)
Kodaira, K.: Complex structures on \(S^1 \times S^3\). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 55, 240–243 (1966)
Kodaira, K.: On the structure of compact complex analytic surfaces. II. Am. J. Math. 88(3), 682–721 (1966)
Lee, H.C.: A kind of even dimensional differential geometry and its application to exterior calculus. Am. J. Math. 65(3), 433–438 (1943)
Li, J., Yau, S.-T., Zheng, F.: On projectively flat Hermitian manifolds. Commun. Anal. Geom. 2, 103–109 (1994)
Liu, K., Yang, X.: Geometry of Hermitian manifolds. Int. J. Math. 23(6), 1250055 (2012)
Phong, D.H., Song, J., Sturm, J., Weinkove, B.: The Kähler–Ricci flow and the \(\bar{\partial }\) operator on vector fields. J. Differ. Geom. 81(3), 631–647 (2009)
Phong, D.H., Sturm, J.: On stability and the convergence of the Kähler–Ricci flow. J. Differ. Geom. 72(1), 149–168 (2006)
Song, J., Tian, G.: The Kähler–Ricci flow on surfaces of positive Kodaira dimension. Invent. Math. 170(3), 609–653 (2007)
Song, J., Tian, G.: Canonical measures and Kähler–Ricci flow. J. Am. Math. Soc 25, 303–353 (2012)
Song, J., Tian, G.: The Kähler–Ricci flow through singularities. Invent. Math. 207(2), 519–595 (2017)
Song, J., Weinkove, B.: The Kähler–Ricci flow on Hirzebruch surfaces. J. Reine Angew. 659, 141–168 (2011)
Song, J., Weinkove, B.: Contracting exceptional divisors by the Kähler–Ricci flow. Duke Math. J. 162(2), 367–415 (2011)
Song, J., Weinkove, B.: An introduction to the Kähler–Ricci flow. In: Boucksom, S., Eyssidieux, P., Guedj, V. (eds.), An Introduction to the Kähler–Ricci Flow, Lecture Notes in Math., vol. 2086, pp. 89–188. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)
Song, J., Weinkove, B.: Contracting exceptional divisors by the Kähler–Ricci flow. II. Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 108(6), 1529–1561 (2014)
Song, J., Yuan, Y.: Metric flips with Calabi ansatz. Geom. Funct. Anal. 22(2), 240–265 (2012)
Streets, J., Tian, G.: A parabolic flow of pluriclosed metrics. Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN 16, 3101–3133 (2010)
Streets, J., Tian, G.: Hermitian curvature flow. J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 13(3), 601–634 (2011)
Streets, J., Tian, G.: Regularity results for pluriclosed flow. Geom. Topol. 17(4), 2389–2429 (2013)
Székelyhidi, G.: The Kähler–Ricci flow and K-polystability. Am. J. Math. 132(4), 1077–1090 (2010)
Teleman, A.: Projectively flat surfaces and Bogomolov’s theorem on class \(vii_0\)-surfaces. Int. J. Math. 5, 253–264 (1994)
Teleman, A.: Donaldson theory on non-Kählerian surfaces and class VII surfaces with \(b_2=1\). Invent. Math. 162(3), 493–521 (2005)
Tian, G.: New results and problems on the Kähler–Ricci flow. Astérisque No. 322, 71–92 (2008)
Tian, G., Zhang, Z.: On the Kähler–Ricci flow on projective manifolds of general type. Chi. Ann. Math. 27(2), 179–192 (2006)
Tosatti, V.: Kähler–Ricci flow on stable Fano manifolds. J. Reine. Angew. Math. 640, 2010 (2010)
Tosatti, V., Weinkove, B.: The complex Monge–Ampère equation on compact Hermitian manifolds. J. Am. Math. Soc. 23(4), 1187–1195 (2010)
Tosatti, V., Weinkove, B.: The Chern–Ricci flow on complex surfaces. Compos. Math. 149(12), 2101–2138 (2013)
Tosatti, V., Weinkove, B.: On the evolution of a Hermitian metric by its Chern–Ricci form. J. Differ. Geom. 99(1), 125–163 (2015)
Tosatti, V., Weinkove, B., Yang, X.: Käher-Ricci flow, Ricci-flat metrics and collapsing limits. Am. J. Math. 140(3) (2014)
Tosatti, V., Weinkove, B., Yang, X.: Collapsing of the Chern–Ricci flow on elliptic surfaces. Math. Ann. 362(3–4), 1223–1271 (2015)
Tsuji, H.: Existence and degeneration of Kähler–Einstein metrics on minimal algebraic varieties of general type. Math. Ann. 281, 123–133 (1988)
Ustinovskiy, Y.: Hermitian curvature flow on complex homogeneous manifolds. arXiv:1706.07023
Ustinovskiy, Y.: The Hermitian curvature flow on manifolds with non-negative Griffiths curvature. arXiv:1604.04813
Vaisman, I.: Some curvature properties of locally conformally Kähler manifolds. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 259(2), 439–447 (1980)
Acknowledgements
Research for this paper began at the American Institute of Mathematics workshop: Nonlinear PDEs in real and complex geometry in San Jose, CA August 2018. The author thanks AIM for their hospitality. The author also extends their thanks to Casey Kelleher, Valentino Tosatti, Yury Ustinovskiy, and Ben Weinkove for helpful discussions at the AIM workshop. The author was supported by the NSF grant RTG: Geometry and Topology at the University of Notre Dame.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Edwards, G. The Chern–Ricci flow on primary Hopf surfaces. Math. Z. 299, 1689–1702 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00209-021-02735-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00209-021-02735-5