Abstract
Urban flooding in South Korea continues to affect the lives of people. In this study, we propose flood-adaptive green infrastructure planning to enhance urban flood resilience. Specifically, a strategy for responding to flooding was established based upon the “4Rs” in the concept of resilience: robustness, rapidity, redundancy, and resourcefulness. The effects of reduced stormwater runoff were then simulated for Gangnam-gu, Seoul, via the application of green infrastructure. Finally, a design matrix was established based on the flood-adaptive design strategy and simulation results. By presenting a resilience- and green infrastructure-based planning strategy, this study may be useful for urban flood resilience measurement and adaptation as well as sustainable urban design and planning.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ávila C, García J, Garfí M (2016) Influence of hydraulic loading rate, simulated storm events and seasonality on the treatment performance of an experimental three-stage hybrid CW system. Ecol Eng 87:324–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.11.042
Benedict MA, McMahon ET (2012) Green infrastructure: linking landscapes and communities. Island press, Washington Dc
Bodin P, Wiman BLB (2004) Resilience and other stability concepts in ecology: notes on their origin, validity. ESS Bull 2:33–43
Bonstrom H, Corotis RB (2016) First-order reliability approach to quantify and improve building portfolio resilience. J Struct Eng (United States) 142:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001213
Bruneau M, Chang SE, Eguchi RT et al (2003) A framework to quantitatively assess and enhance the seismic resilience of communities. Earthq Spectra 19:733–752. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1623497
Buffam I, Mitchell ME, Durtsche RD (2016) Environmental drivers of seasonal variation in green roof runoff water quality. Ecol Eng 91:506–514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.02.044
Byrne JA, Lo AY, Jianjun Y (2015) Residents’ understanding of the role of green infrastructure for climate change adaptation in Hangzhou, China. Landsc Urban Plan 138:132–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.02.013
Chang LF, Huang SL (2015) Assessing urban flooding vulnerability with an emergy approach. Landsc Urban Plan 143:11–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.06.004
Chen WY (2015) The role of urban green infrastructure in offsetting carbon emissions in 35 major Chinese cities: a nationwide estimate. Cities 44:112–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2015.01.005
Cimellaro GP, Reinhorn AM, Bruneau M (2010) Framework for analytical quantification of disaster resilience. Eng Struct 32:3639–3649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.08.008
Deaton M, Winebrake JJ (1999) Dynamic modeling of environmental systems. Springer Science & Business Media, New York
Delleur JW, Kavvas ML (1978) Stochastic models for monthly rainfall forecasting and synthetic generation. J Appl Meteorol 17:1528–1536
Demuzere M, Orru K, Heidrich O et al (2014) Mitigating and adapting to climate change: multi-functional and multi-scale assessment of green urban infrastructure. J Environ Manage 146:107–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.025
Ellis JB (2013) Sustainable surface water management and green infrastructure in UK urban catchment planning. J Environ Plan Manag 56:24–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2011.648752
Faust KM, Abraham DM (2016) Impact assessment of stormwater alternatives on generated runoff in cities experiencing urban decline. Procedia Eng 145:540–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.04.042
Fedeski M, Gwilliam J (2007) Urban sustainability in the presence of flood and geological hazards: the development of a GIS-based vulnerability and risk assessment methodology. Landsc Urban Plan 83:50–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.05.012
Fletcher TD, Andrieu H, Hamel P (2013) Understanding, management and modelling of urban hydrology and its consequences for receiving waters: a state of the art. Adv Water Resour 51:261–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2012.09.001
Hegger DL, Driessen PP, Wiering M, Van Rijswick HF, Kundzewicz ZW, Matczak P, Ek K (2016) Toward more flood resilience: is a diversification of flood risk management strategies the way forward? Ecol Soc. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08854-210452
Holling CS (1996) Engineering resilience versus ecological resilience. Eng Within Ecol Constraints. https://doi.org/10.17226/4919
Holling CS, Meffe GK (1996) Command and control and the pathology of natural resource management. Conserv Biol 10:328–337. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10020328.x
Jones CD, Hughes JK, Bellouin N et al (2011) The HadGEM2-ES implementation of CMIP5 centennial simulations. Geosci Model Dev 4:543–570. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-543-2011
Kang J-E, Lee M-J (2012) Assessment of flood vulnerability to climate change using fuzzy model and GIS in Seoul. J Korean Assoc Geogr Inf Stud 15:119–136. https://doi.org/10.11108/kagis.2012.15.3.119
Kim D, Onof C, Park J (2017) incorporating dependencies between rainfall statistics and rainfall interannual variability into hourly stochastic rainfall generator for improved extreme value reproduction. 19, pp. 5885
Kim T-H, Han K-Y, Cho W-H (2011) Vulnerability analysis in the Nakdong river basin for the utilization of flood risk mapping. J Korean Assoc Geogr Inf Stud 14:203–222. https://doi.org/10.11108/kagis.2011.14.3.203
Kim T, Kim TJ, Lee B-R (2016) Estimation of runoff coefficient according to revision of design criteria, in case of park. J Wetl Res 18:209–217. https://doi.org/10.17663/jwr.2016.18.3.209
Kim J, Sung HH, Choi G (2013) Spatial patterns of urban flood vulnerability in Seoul. pp. 615–626
Kuang D, Liao KH (2020) Learning from floods: linking flood experience and flood resilience. J Environ Manage 271:111025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111025
Lennon M, Scott M, O’Neill E (2014) Urban design and adapting to flood risk: the role of green infrastructure. J Urban Des 19:745–758. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2014.944113
Lerer SM, Righetti F, Rozario T, Mikkelsen PS (2017) Integrated hydrological model-based assessment of stormwater management scenarios in Copenhagen’s first climate resilient neighbourhood using the three point approach. Water (Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/w9110883
Liao KH (2012) A theory on urban resilience to floods-A basis for alternative planning practices. Ecol Soc. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05231-170448
Liao KH, Le TA, Van NK (2016) Urban design principles for flood resilience: learning from the ecological wisdom of living with floods in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Landsc Urban Plan 155:69–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.01.014
Liu L, Jensen MB (2018) Green infrastructure for sustainable urban water management: practices of five forerunner cities. Cities 74:126–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.11.013
MacIvor JS, Margolis L, Perotto M, Drake JAP (2016) Air temperature cooling by extensive green roofs in Toronto Canada. Ecol Eng 95:36–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.050
McHarg IL (1967) An ecological method for landscape architecture. Ecol Des Plann Reader 341
Norton BA, Coutts AM, Livesley SJ et al (2015) Planning for cooler cities: a framework to prioritise green infrastructure to mitigate high temperatures in urban landscapes. Landsc Urban Plan 134:127–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.10.018
Ouma YO, Tateishi R (2014) Urban flood vulnerability and risk mapping using integrated multi-parametric AHP and GIS: methodological overview and case study assessment. Water (Switzerland) 6:1515–1545. https://doi.org/10.3390/w6061515
Pimm SL (1984) The complexity and stability of ecosystems. Nature 307:321–326. https://doi.org/10.1038/307321a0
Restemeyer B, Woltjer J, van den Brink M (2015) A strategy-based framework for assessing the flood resilience of cities–a Hamburg case study. Plan Theory Pract 16(1):45–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2014.1000950
Schubert JE, Burns MJ, Fletcher TD, Sanders BF (2017) A framework for the case-specific assessment of Green infrastructure in mitigating urban flood hazards. Adv Water Resour 108:55–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2017.07.009
Seoul Metropolitan Government (2014) 2030 Seoul Plan (in Korean)
Seoul Metropolitan Government (2015) 2030 Seoul city plan for the park and green space
Shen Q, Chen Q, Sin BT et al (2009) A system dynamics model for the sustainable land use planning and development. Habitat Int 33:15–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2008.02.004
Simonovic SP (2016) From risk management to quantitative disaster resilience—a paradigm shift. Int J Saf Secur Eng 6:85–95. https://doi.org/10.2495/SAFE-V6-N2-85-95
Song K, You S, Chon J (2018) Simulation modeling for a resilience improvement plan for natural disasters in a coastal area. Environ Pollut. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.057
Tierney K, Bruneau M (2007) Conceptualizing and measuring resilience: a key to disaster loss reduction
Tingsanchali T (2012) Urban flood disaster management. Procedia Eng 32:25–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.1233
Walmsley A (2006) Greenways: multiplying and diversifying in the 21st century. Landscape Urban Plann 76 (1–4):252–290
Wong GKL, Jim CY (2015) Identifying keystone meteorological factors of green-roof stormwater retention to inform design and planning. Landsc Urban Plan 143:173–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.07.001
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean government (MEST) (No. 2017R1A2B4008866).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, H., Song, K., Kim, G. et al. Flood-adaptive green infrastructure planning for urban resilience. Landscape Ecol Eng 17, 427–437 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11355-021-00458-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11355-021-00458-7