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Adsorptive Elimination of Cu(II) from Aqueous Solution by Chitosan-nanoSiO2 Nanocomposite—Adsorption Study, MLR, and GA Modeling

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Abstract

At present, water pollution becomes a very significant environmental issue. Heavy metals and organic dyes present at higher concentrations in water are dangerous for aquatic life and humanity. Chitosan nanocomposites have been used for the adsorptive removal of heavy metals and dyes due to their improved chemical activity. This paper encompassed the synthesis of chitosan-nSiO2 nanocomposites and was used to examine Cu(II) ion removal capability. The chitosan/nSiO2 nanocomposite (CSNC) adsorbents were synthesized with different weight ratios. The nanocomposites are characterized by using SEM, EDX, BET apparatus, FTIR, XRD, and TGA. The experiment is performed in batch mode by varying the operating parameters like pH, contact time, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial metal ion concentration. The optimum pH is 6.5 for all adsorbents. Different kinetic and isotherm models are tried. The removal efficiency was greater than 98% for the adsorbent CSNC2–1. The pseudo-2nd-order model described the kinetic process better than other models. Equilibrium data fit the best in Fritz and Schluender (IV) isotherm model for the adsorbents CWS and CSNC2–1 and Vieth and Sladek isotherm model CSNC1–1. The adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Industrial effluent is also tested successfully. The application of statistical and GA modeling has also been performed successfully.

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Abbreviations

A FS :

Fritz–Schlunder (IV) model parameter

a K :

Khan model exponent

A KC :

Koble–Corrigan isotherm constant

a R :

Redlich-Peterson isotherm constant [L mg−1]

A T :

Tempkin isotherm equilibrium binding constant (L g−1)

B FS :

Fritz–Schlunder (IV) model parameter

b K :

Khan constant

B KC :

Koble–Corrigan isotherm constant

b T :

Tempkin isotherm constant

B VS :

Vieth–Sladek isotherm constant

b 0 :

Baudu isotherm equilibrium constant

C :

Thickness of the boundary layer (mm)

Ca :

Concentration of the adsorbate on adsorbent at equilibrium (mg L−1)

Ce :

Concentration of the adsorbate at equilibrium (mg L−1)

C t :

Concentration of the adsorbate at time t (mg L−1)

C 0 :

Initial concentration of the adsorbate (mg L−1)

D e :

Effective diffusion coefficient of the adsorbate (m2 s−1)

E :

Mean free energy (kJ mol−1)

E a :

Activation energy of adsorption (kJ mol−1)

F(t) :

The ratio of the amount of adsorbate adsorbed per unit quantity of adsorbent at specific time t and that at the equilibrium time

∆G 0 :

Change in Gibbs free energy (kJ mol−1)

∆H 0 :

Change in enthalpy (kJ mol−1)

K ad :

Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm constant (mol2 (kJ2)−1)

K bq :

Mass transfer constant (L gm−1)

K BS :

Brouers–Sotolongo equilibrium constant

\( {K}_C^0 \) :

Thermodynamic equilibrium constant

\( {K}_C^{\hbox{'}} \) :

Apparent equilibrium constant

KD :

Hill equilibrium constant

K F :

Freundlich constant

K FS :

Fritz-Schlunder(IIII) equilibrium constant [L mg−1]

K J :

Jovanovich constant [L mg−1]

K L :

Langmuir isotherm constant (L mg−1)

k p :

Intraparticle diffusion rate constant (mg g−1 min−1/2)

K RP :

Redlich-Peterson isotherm constant [L g−1/2]

K RPI :

Radke–Prausnitz-I equilibrium constant

K RPII :

Radke–Prausnitz-II equilibrium constant

K RPIII :

Radke–Prausnitz-III equilibrium constant

K S :

Sips equilibrium constant (L mg−1)

K T :

Toth equilibrium constant

K VS :

Vieth–Sladek equilibrium constant

K 1 :

Fritz–Schlunder (V) equation parameter

k 1 :

Pseudo-first-order rate constant (min−1)

K 2 :

Fritz–Schlunder (V) equation parameter

k 2 :

Pseudo-second-order rate constant (g mg−1 min−1)

M :

Mass of the adsorbent per unit volume (g L−1)

m :

Mass of adsorbent (g)

m FS :

Fritz-Schlunder (III) model exponent

m RPI :

Radke-Prausnitz-I model exponent

m RPII :

Radke-Prausnitz-II model exponent

m RPIII :

Radke-Prausnitz-III model exponent

m T :

Toth model exponent

m 1 :

Fritz–Schlunder (V) equation exponent

m 2 :

Fritz–Schlunder (V) equation exponent

n F :

Freundlich constant

n H :

Hill co-operativity coefficient of the binding interaction

n KC :

Koble–Corrigan model exponent

n S :

Sips model exponent

P 1 :

Weber–van Vliet model constant

P 2 :

Weber-van Vliet model exponent

P 3 :

Weber-van Vliet model exponent

P 4 :

Weber-van Vliet model exponent

q e :

Amount of metal ions adsorbed at equilibrium (mg g−1)

q K :

Khan theoretical isotherm saturation capacity (mg g−1)

q L :

Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity (mg g−1)

\( {q}_{m_{BS}} \) :

Brouers–Sotolongo maximum adsorption capacity (mg g−1)

\( {q}_{m_{FS}} \) :

Fritz-Schlunder (III) maximum adsorption capacity (mg g−1)

\( {q}_{m_{FS5}} \) :

Fritz-Schlunder (V) maximum adsorption capacity (mg g−1)

q mJ :

Jovanovich maximum adsorption capacity (mg g−1)

\( {q}_{m_{RPI}} \) :

Radke–Prausnitz-I maximum adsorption capacity (mg g−1)

\( {q}_{m_{RPII}} \) :

Radke–Prausnitz-II maximum adsorption capacity (mg g−1)

\( {q}_{m_{RPIII}} \) :

Radke–Prausnitz-III maximum adsorption capacity (mg g−1)

\( {q}_{m_T} \) :

Toth maximum adsorption capacity (mg g−1)

\( {q}_{m_{VS}} \) :

Vieth-Sladek maximum adsorption capacity (mg g−1)

q m0 :

Baudu maximum adsorption capacity (mg g−1)

qs :

Theoretical isotherm saturation capacity (mg g−1)

Q S :

Sips maximum adsorption capacity (mg g−1)

\( {q}_{S_H} \) :

Hill theoretical isotherm saturation capacity (mg g−1)

q t :

Amount of solutes adsorbed on adsorbent (mg g−1) at time t

R :

Universal gas constant (J mol−1 K−1)

R a :

Radius of adsorbate particles (m)

R 2 :

Correlation coefficient

S S :

External surface area per unit volume (m−1)

S * :

Striking probability

∆S 0 :

Change in entropy (kJ mol−1)

t :

Time (min)

T :

Absolute temperature (K)

V :

Volume of the adsorbate (L)

x 0 :

Baudu isotherm parameter

y 0 :

Baudu isotherm parameter

α BS :

Brouers–Sotolongo exponent

α E :

Initial adsorption rate in Elovich equation (mg g−1 min−1)

α FS :

Fritz–Schlunder (IV) model exponent

β :

Mass transfer coefficient (cm s−1)

β E :

Elovich adsorption constant (g mg −1 )

β FS :

Fritz–Schlunder (IV) model exponent

β RP :

Exponent in Redlich-Peterson model

θ :

Surface coverage

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Engineering Department, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India

    Samanwita Bhattacharya, Baisali Rajbansi & Sudip Kumar Das

  2. St. James’ School165, A. J. C. Road, Kolkata, 700 014, India

    Nirjhar Bar

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  1. Samanwita Bhattacharya
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  2. Nirjhar Bar
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  3. Baisali Rajbansi
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  4. Sudip Kumar Das
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Correspondence to Sudip Kumar Das.

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Bhattacharya, S., Bar, N., Rajbansi, B. et al. Adsorptive Elimination of Cu(II) from Aqueous Solution by Chitosan-nanoSiO2 Nanocomposite—Adsorption Study, MLR, and GA Modeling. Water Air Soil Pollut 232, 161 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05070-x

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