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From Changing Environment to Changing Extremes: Exploring the Future Streamflow and Associated Uncertainties Through Integrated Modelling System

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Abstract

Climate and land-use changes can alter the dynamics of hydro-climatic extremes by modifying the flow regimes. Here, we have attempted to disentangle the relationship between changing environmental conditions and hydro-climatic extremes considering associated uncertainties for the Subarnarekha, a flood prone-basin of India. A comprehensive, integrated modelling system was developed that incorporates a spatially explicit land-use model, a hydrological model, and an ensemble of regional climate models (RCMs). MIKE SHE/MIKE HYDRO RIVER was used to simulate the hydrological processes. The uncertainties associated with model parameters, model inputs, and model structures are analysed collectively using ‘quantile regression.’ A transferable framework was developed for the analysis of hydro-climatic extremes that deal with numerous aspects like sensitivity, occurrences, severity, and persistence for four-time horizons: baseline (1976–2005) and early (2020s), mid (2050s), end-centuries (2080s). ANOVA is used for partitioning uncertainty due to different sources. The results obtained from numerous analysis of the developed framework suggests that low, high, and medium flows will probably increase in the future (20%-85% increase), indicating a higher risk of floods, especially in the 2050s and 2080s. Partitioning of uncertainty suggests RCMs contribute 40%-62% to the uncertainty in streamflow projections. The developed modelling systems incorporates a flexible framework so update any other water sustainability issue in the future. These findings will help better meet the challenges associated with the possible risk of increasing high flows in the future by ceding references to the decision-makers for framing better prevention measures associated with land-use and climate changes.

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Acknowledgement

The World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Regional Climate and the Working Group on Coupled Modelling, the former coordinating body of CORDEX and responsible panel for CMIP5, are gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) infrastructure and the Climate Data Portal hosted at the Centre for Climate Change Research (CCCR), Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), for providing CORDEX South Asia data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, West Bengal, 721302, Kharagpur, India

    Srishti Gaur & Rajendra Singh

  2. Department of Agricultural Engineering, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Arunachal Pradesh, 791109, Nirjuli (Itanagar), India

    Arnab Bandyopadhyay

Authors
  1. Srishti Gaur
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  2. Arnab Bandyopadhyay
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  3. Rajendra Singh
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Contributions

Srishti Gaur: Conceptualisation, Data acquisition, Methodology, Writing- Original draft preparation. Arnab Bandyopadhyay: Supervision, Editing of the manuscript. Rajendra Singh: Conceptualisation, Supervision, Editing of the manuscript, Visualisation.

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Correspondence to Srishti Gaur.

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Gaur, S., Bandyopadhyay, A. & Singh, R. From Changing Environment to Changing Extremes: Exploring the Future Streamflow and Associated Uncertainties Through Integrated Modelling System. Water Resour Manage 35, 1889–1911 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-021-02817-3

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