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Effects of (CaO + BaO)/Al2O3 Ratio on the Melting, Crystallization, and Melt Structure of CaO–Al2O3-10 wt% SiO2-Based Mold Fluxes for Advanced High-Strength Steels

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Abstract

Advanced high-strength steels (AHSSs) have been applied to the automobile industry due to the advantages of low energy consumption and high safety. The non-reactive CaO–Al2O3-based mold fluxes with low/no SiO2 content have been proposed for developing the efficient casting technology of sustainable AHSSs, due to the occurrence of the reaction between AHSSs and conventional CaO–SiO2-based mold flux. Then, the effects of (CaO + BaO)/Al2O3 ratio on the melting, crystallization, and melt structure of a designed non-reactive CaO–Al2O3-10 wt% SiO2-based mold flux system have been studied. Results suggested that a higher (CaO + BaO)/Al2O3 ratio would lower the melting temperatures of the mold fluxes, and the slag system showed a good thermal stability during the melting process with the evaporation less than 5.10%. Besides, the crystallization behavior was promoted with the increase of (CaO + BaO)/Al2O3 ratio, which is associated with the reduction of the polymerization degree of the melt structure, because of the high polymerization degree of Q2(Si) structural units, and the symmetric and asymmetric [AlO4]5−-tetrahedral structures were destroyed by the released O2− ions. Thus, the migration resistance of ions and atom groups was reduced, and then the growth kinetics of LiAlO2 and Ca2SiO4 crystals were improved. When 7.42 wt% BaO was added to Sample D with (CaO + BaO)/Al2O3 ratio at 1.75, the crystallization was promoted with the decomposition of melt structure, and the Ba-bearing phase of Ba3Al2O6 crystal was precipitated to replace the main crystalline phase of LiAlO2 due to the tight junction of Ba2+ and [AlO4]5− for compensating the Al3+ charge.

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Acknowledgements

The financial support from the National Science Foundation of China (U1760202), Guangxi Scientific technology project (AD 18281073), and Hunan Scientific Technology projects (2018RS3022, 2018WK2051) is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People’s Republic of China

    Lei Zhang, Bingyu Zhai & Wanlin Wang

  2. National Center for International Research of Clean Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People’s Republic of China

    Lei Zhang, Bingyu Zhai & Wanlin Wang

  3. Materials Science and Engineering Department, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea

    Il Sohn

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  1. Lei Zhang
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  2. Bingyu Zhai
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  3. Wanlin Wang
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Correspondence to Wanlin Wang.

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The contributing editor for this article was Sharif Jahanshahi.

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Zhang, L., Zhai, B., Wang, W. et al. Effects of (CaO + BaO)/Al2O3 Ratio on the Melting, Crystallization, and Melt Structure of CaO–Al2O3-10 wt% SiO2-Based Mold Fluxes for Advanced High-Strength Steels. J. Sustain. Metall. 7, 559–568 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-021-00358-y

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