Carbon and nitrogen stocks and microbiological attributes of soil under eucalyptus cultivation in the Pampa biome of southern Brazil
Section snippets
Introdution
Brazil leads the world ranking of forest productivity, contributing to an important part of the national economy (IBGE, 2018), generating products for internal consumption or for export (MAPA, 2018). Eucalyptus planting has expanded worldwide due to demand in wood and cellulose production, and Brazil is one of the main world producers, where eucalyptus is responsible for a cultivated area of 7.5 million ha (IBGE, 2018). The South of Brazil in the last 15 years received investments from
Characterization of the site and collected soil
The study was carried out in four different areas of the Pampa biome, with different soils types in each, classified as Eutric Regosol (loamic) (Area 1), Haplic Lixisol (loamic) (Area 2), Dystric Leptosol (loamic) (Area 3), and Pellic Vertisol (chernic, hypereutric) (Area 4). In each area, six soil profiles were sampled and characterized, three under eucalyptus vegetation cover and three under grassland (native vegetation), each three separated by 10 m. The soil profiles under the eucalyptus
Carbon distribution in the soil profiles
Table 2 shows the average TOC stocks of the soil in kg m−2 up to 50 cm, with the respective proportions in the 0–5, 0–10 and 0–20 cm layers in the areas of eucalyptus and grassland of the soils.
It is observed that there were no significant differences in carbon stocks in the 0–50 cm soil layer between soils covered with eucalyptus and grassland within the same area, but with differences between soils, being the stocks of VR higher. In the 0–5 cm layer, there were also no differences between the
Discussion
Little information is available about the effect of converting the Pampa biome into eucalyptus cultivation and the effects on soil TOC stocks. However, some studies have already been carried out in order to evaluate the TOC stocks in other Brazilian biomes followed by eucalyptus cultivation. Leite et al. (2010), when studying successive eucalyptus crops in Brazil, found lower soil organic matter values in eucalyptus areas, when compared to native forest areas. Fialho and Zinn (2014) found that
Conclusions
Eucalyptus cultivation in the Pampa biome in southern Brazil, after seven years, increases the total organic carbon and particulate organic carbon stocks by 8.7 and 21.7%, respectively, in the top layer of the soil (0–15 cm) in compared to grassland.
The cultivation of eucalyptus increases 6.7% and 26.0% the stocks of total nitrogen and particulate nitrogen, respectively, compared to grassland in the pampa biome.
Carbon stocks associated with minerals are not affected by eucalyptus cultivation in
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest in this article.
Acknowledgements
To the soil science department of the Federal University of Pelotas for the financial support to carry out this research work.
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