Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat that kills at least 75,000 people every year worldwide and causes extended hospital stays. In the coming 10 years, antimicrobial resistance is projected to have huge health and economic burden on countries, and the scarcity of available antibiotics further worsens the situation. Antimicrobial resistance results mainly from indiscriminate antibiotic usage in humans, animals and agriculture, and from the rapid emergence and dissemination of resistant pathogens. This issue is challenging for antibiotic stewardship, strict regulations on antibiotics usage, large-scale surveillance and responsible public behavior. This demands international cooperation and integrated efforts under the ‘one-health’ strategy. Here, we review antimicrobial resistance and the one-health strategy. We discuss the historical issue of using antibiotics. We highlight the effectiveness of hygiene in livestock rearing, careful antibiotic usage and large-scale surveillance of animals, humans and environment domains. We present strategies for mitigation of antimicrobial resistance, exemplified by the successful ban of triclosan which induced a significant decline of resistant pathogens. We emphasize the benefits of the global antibiotic resistance partnership and of the one-health participation of stakeholders from public, healthcare professionals and government to mitigate antimicrobial resistance.
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Abbreviations
- qnr:
-
Quinolone resistance gene
- bla:
-
Beta-lactamase gene
- mec:
-
Methicillin resistance gene
- sul:
-
Dihydropteroate synthase gene for sulfonamide resistance
- UN-FAO:
-
United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization
- GARP:
-
Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership
- INSAR-India:
-
Indian Network for Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance-India
- NARMS-USA:
-
National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System-USA
- ESAC-EU:
-
European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption-EU
- SASCM-SA:
-
South African Society for Clinical Microbiology-South Africa
- PAHO:
-
Pan American Health Organization
- EARS:
-
Net European Resistance Surveillance Network
- GLASS-WHO:
-
Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System-WHO
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Singh, K.S., Anand, S., Dholpuria, S. et al. Antimicrobial resistance dynamics and the one-health strategy: a review. Environ Chem Lett 19, 2995–3007 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01238-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01238-3