Computer Science > Multimedia
[Submitted on 14 Apr 2021 (v1), last revised 8 Feb 2022 (this version, v3)]
Title:Landmarking for Navigational Streaming of Stored High-Dimensional Media
View PDFAbstract:Modern media data such as 360 videos and light field (LF) images are typically captured in much higher dimensions than the observers' visual displays. To efficiently browse high-dimensional media over bandwidth-constrained networks, a navigational streaming model is considered: a client navigates the large media space by dictating a navigation path to a server, who in response transmits the corresponding pre-encoded media data units (MDU) to the client one-by-one in sequence. Intra-coding an MDU (I-MDU) would result in a large bitrate but I-MDU can be randomly accessed, while inter-coding an MDU (P-MDU) using another MDU as a predictor incurs a small coding cost but imposes an order where the predictor must be first transmitted and decoded. From a compression perspective, the technical challenge is: how to achieve coding gain via inter-coding of MDUs, while enabling adequate random access for satisfactory user navigation. To address this problem, we propose landmarks, a selection of key MDUs from the high-dimensional media. Using landmarks as predictors, nearby MDUs in local neighborhoods are intercoded, resulting in a predictive MDU structure with controlled coding cost. It means that any requested MDU can be decoded by at most transmitting a landmark and an inter-coded MDU, enabling navigational random access. To build a landmarked MDU structure, we employ tree-structured vector quantizer (TSVQ) to first optimize landmark locations, then iteratively add/remove inter-coded MDUs as refinements using a fast branch-and-bound technique. Taking interactive LF images and viewport adaptive 360 images as illustrative applications, and I-, P- and previously proposed merge frames to intra- and inter-code MDUs, we show experimentally that landmarked MDU structures can noticeably reduce the expected transmission cost compared with MDU structures without landmarks.
Submission history
From: Yuan Yuan [view email][v1] Wed, 14 Apr 2021 14:18:53 UTC (5,209 KB)
[v2] Sun, 6 Feb 2022 13:37:52 UTC (6,916 KB)
[v3] Tue, 8 Feb 2022 03:51:18 UTC (8,872 KB)
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