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Micro-nutrient pools and their mobility in relation to land-use system in a cold high altitude Himalayan mountainous region

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Abstract

Land-use change significantly impacts soil micro-nutrients distribution and transformations due to their inefficient scale- and location-specific management in different ecosystems. We studied the changes in micro-nutrients (viz. Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) availability and their transformations in soils of hilly landscapes under five distinct land-use systems including mono cropping, double cropping, agroforestry, orchards and the vegetable crops to explore relationship between different fractions of variable solubility and their mobility in response to land-use change. Among the compared land-use systems, DTPA-Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu comprised ~ 3.0 to 8.2%, ~ 0.21 to 0.35%, ~ 1.2 to 6.3% and ~ 7.6 to 17.5% of their respective total content in soils. The agroforestry system had significantly (p < 0.05) higher DTPA-Zn and Mn, compared with mono-and double cropping system. However, the orchard soils had ~ 2.1, 2.0 and 3.4-times higher DTPA-Zn, Fe and Cu concentration than the agroforestry system. The agroforestry system was distinct with significantly highest proportion of total Cu retrieved as amorphous oxide bound (~ 20.5%), crystalline oxide bound (~ 33.6%), organic matter bound (~ 2.1%), while the lowest proportion was accumulated as residual form (~ 43.8%), compared with the other studied land-use systems. The mobility factor that explicit micro-nutrient transformations among soluble and stable pool revealed that monocropping had the significantly lowest (~ 3.3%), while the agroforestry system had the highest Zn mobility factor (~ 4.9%). On the other hand, agroforestry system had significantly lowest (~ 1.8%), while the soils under vegetable crops had the highest Mn mobility factor (~ 7.5%). The principle component analysis (PCA) elucidated residual micro-nutrient (Zn, Fe and Mn) fraction as significant contributors to discern land-use change in fragile hilly landscapes. These results highlight the importance of micro-nutrients management through robust interventions for long-term sustainability different land-use systems in a cold high altitude Himalayan mountainous region.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to the Head, Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab (India) for providing necessary laboratory and field facilities. This research did not receive any specific funding.

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  1. Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India

    Sandeep Sharma, Pritpal Singh, Padma Angmo & S. S. Dhaliwal

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Sharma, S., Singh, P., Angmo, P. et al. Micro-nutrient pools and their mobility in relation to land-use system in a cold high altitude Himalayan mountainous region. Agroforest Syst 95, 1395–1412 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-021-00623-9

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