Abstract—This review discusses the major milestone results yielded by the regional seismological studies of the deep structure of the Earth’s crust and mantle beneath the Baikal rift since the 1960s to present. It also includes data from recent global models covering a depth interval to below 400 km rarely considered in regional studies. The main focus of the review is laid on the intercomparison of various velocity models of the region, sometimes substantially contradicting each other, which determines the pertinence of this work. In particular, there has been no consensus among different authors as to the crustal thinning beneath the Baikal rift, the thickness of the anomalous mantle layer and the lithosphere. For establishing the causes of the revealed discrepancies, the review briefly compares the inversion methods used in the studies and their resolution. Separate discussion is dedicated to anisotropic properties of the upper-mantle material which is studied from splitting of SKS-waves and from phase and group velocity dispersion data of surface waves. The Conclusions section presents the additional information which can be used for verifying a particular model: there are the results of the studies of thermal, gravitational, geomagnetic, and geoelectric fields and some geological data. The implications of geophysical data covered by the review for the ongoing discussion on the origin of lithospheric extension in the Baikal rift zone are analyzed. It is shown that most of the data (low surface heat flow values and temperatures in the mantle, fairly large bottom depths of the lithospheric magnetic sources, the estimates of the lithospheric thickness from gravimetric and geoelectric data) including purely seismological results (the absence of a general thinning of the crust and lithosphere along the entire rift axis) as well as some geological data contradict the hypotheses of active rifting. However, the existing deep structure models are inconclusive for the ultimate choice between the hypotheses explaining the rift formation by purely passive or mixed mechanisms. The solution of this question requires further, more detailed geophysical study. Thus, the presented review of the deep structure of the Earth’s crust and mantle of the Baikal rift provides the framework for assessing the results of the previous geophysical studies and outlining the prospects of the future research.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Achauer, U. and Masson, F., Seismic tomography of continental rifts revisited: from relative to absolute heterogeneities, Tectonophysics, 2002, vol. 358, pp. 17–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00415-8
Alexandrakis, C., Calò, M., Bouchaala, F., and Vavryčuk, V., Velocity structure and the role of fluids in the West Bohemia seismic zone, Solid Earth, 2014, vol. 5, pp. 863–872. https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-863-2014
Artemieva, I.M., Global 1 × 1 thermal model TC1 for the continental lithosphere: Implications for lithosphere secular evolution, Tectonophysics, 2006, vol. 416, pp. 245–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2005.11.022
Barmin, M.P., Ritzwoller, M.H., and Levshin, A.L., A fast and reliable method for surface wave tomography, Pure Appl. Geophys., 2001, vol. 158, pp. 1351–1375.
Bijwaard, H., Spakman, W., and Engdahl, E.B., Closing the gap between regional and global travel time tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 1998, vol. 103, no. B12, pp. 30055–30078.
Bushenkova, N., Tychkov, S., and Koulakov, I., Tomography on PP-P waves and its application for investigation of the upper mantle in Central Siberia, Tectonophysics, 2002, vol. 358, pp. 57–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00417-1
Chemenda, A., Deverchere, J., and Calais, E., Three-dimensional laboratory modeling of rifting: application to the Baikal Rift, Russia, Tectonophysics, 2002, vol. 356, pp. 253–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00389-X
Chen, Y., Badal, J., and Zhang, Z., Radial anisotropy in the crust and upper mantle beneath the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounding regions, J. Asian Earth Sci., 2009, vol. 36, pp. 289–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2009.06.011
Cherepanova, Y., Artemieva, I.M., Thybo, H., and Chemia, Z., Crustal structure of the Siberian craton and the West Siberian basin: an appraisal of existing data, Tectonophysics, 2013, vol. 609, pp. 154–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2013.05.004
Debayle, E. and Ricard, Y., Seismic observations of large-scale deformation at the bottom of fast moving plates, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2013, vol. 376, pp. 165–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.06.025
Debayle, E. and Sambridge, M., Inversion of massive surface wave data sets: Model construction and resolution assessment, J. Geophys. Res., 2004, vol. 109, Paper ID B02316. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002652
Delvaux, D., Moeys, R., Stapel, G., Petit, C., Levi, K., Miroshnichenko, A., Ruzhich, V., and San’kov, V., Paleostress reconstructions and geodynamics of the Baikal region, Central Asia, Part 2. Cenozoic rifting, Tectonophysics, 1997, vol. 282, pp. 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00210-2
Deuss, A., Global observations of mantle discontinuities using SS and PP precursors, Surv. Geophys., 2009, vol. 30, nos. 4–5, pp. 301–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-009-9078-y
Deuss, A., Andrews, J., and Day, E., Seismic observations of mantle discontinuities and their mineralogical and dynamical interpretation, in Physics and Chemistry of the Deep Earth, Karato, S., Ed., Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013, pp. 297–323.
Duchkov, A.D. and Sokolova, L.S., Thermal structure of the lithosphere of the Siberian Platform, Geol. Geofiz., 1997, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 494–503.
Duchkov, A.D., Lysak, S.V., Golubev, V.A., Dorofeeva, R.P., and Sokolova, L.S., Heat flow and geotemperature field in the Baikal region, Geol. Geofiz., 1999, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 287–303.
Dziewonski, A.M. and Anderson, D.L., Preliminary reference Earth model, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 1981, vol. 25, pp. 297–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(81)90046-7
Ekström, G., A global model of Love and Rayleigh surface wave dispersion and anisotropy, 25–250 s, Geophys. J. Int., 2011, vol. 187, pp. 1668–1686. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05225.x
Farra, V. and Vinnik, L., Upper mantle stratification by P and S receiver functions, Geophys. J. Int., 2000, vol. 141, pp. 699–712. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2000.00118.x
Flanagan, M.P. and Shearer, P.M., Global mapping of topography on transition zone velocity discontinuities by stacking SS precursors, J. Geophys. Res., 1998, vol. 103, no. B2, pp. 2673–2692. https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB03212
Florensov, N.A., Baikal Rift Zone and some tasks of its study, in Baikal’skii rift (Baikal Rift), Moscow: Nauka, 1968, pp. 40–56.
Forsyth, D.W., The early structural evolution and anisotropy of the oceanic upper mantle, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 1975, vol. 43, pp. 103–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1975.tb00630.x
Fouch, M.J. and Rondenay, S., Seismic anisotropy beneath stable continental interiors, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 2006, vol. 158, pp. 292–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2006.03.024
French, S.W. and Romanowicz, B.A., Whole-mantle radially anisotropic shear velocity structure from spectral element waveform tomography, Geophys. J. Int., 2014, vol. 199, pp. 1303–1327. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu334
Friederich, W., The S-velocity structure of the East Asian mantle from inversion of shear and surface waveforms, Geophys. J. Int., 2003, vol. 153, pp. 88–102.
Fullea, J., Lebedev, S., Agius, M.R., Jones, A.G., and Afonso, J.C., Lithospheric structure in the Baikal—central Mongolia region from integrated geophysical-petrological inversion of surface-wave data and topographic elevation, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 2012, vol. 13, Paper ID Q0AK09. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GC004138
Gao, S., Davis, P.M., Liu, H., Slack, P.D., Zorin, Y.A., Logatchev, N.A., Kogan, M., Burkholder, P.D., and Meyer, R.P., Asymmetric upward of the asthenosphere beneath the Baikal rift zone, Siberia, J. Geophys. Res., 1994a, vol. 99, no. B8, pp. 15319–15330. https://doi.org/10.1029/94JB00808
Gao, S., Davis, P.M., Liu, H., Slack, P.D., Zorin, Y.A., Mordvinova, V.V., Kozhevnikov, V.M., and Meyer, R.P., Seismic anisotropy and mantle flow beneath the Baikal rift zone, Nature, 1994b, vol. 371, pp. 149–151. https://doi.org/10.1038/371149a0
Gao, S., Davis, P.M., Liu, H., Slack, P.D., Rigor, A.W., Zorin, Y.A., Mordvinova, V.V., Kozhevnikov, V.M., and Logatchev, N.A., SKS splitting beneath continental rift zones, J. Geophys. Res., 1997, vol. 102, no. B10, pp. 22781–22797. https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB01858
Gao, S.S., Liu, K.H., Davis, P.M., Slack, P.D., Zorin, Y.A., Mordvinova, V.V., and Kozhevnikov, V.M., Evidence for small-scale mantle convection in the upper mantle beneath the Baikal rift zone, J. Geophys. Res., 2003, vol. 108, no. 4, pp. ESE 5-1–ESE 5-12. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JB002039
Gao, S.S., Liu, K.H., and Chen, C., Significant crustal thinning beneath the Baikal rift zone: New constraints from receiver function analysis, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2004, vol. 31, Paper ID L20610. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020813
Golenetskii, S.I., Seismicity of the Baikal Rift Zone, in Kontinental’nyi riftogenez (Continental Rifting), Moscow: Sovetskoe radio, 1977, pp. 56–64.
Golubev, V.A., The most important exogenous factor in the formation of the Baikal thermal anomaly, in Teplovoe pole Zemli i metody ego izucheniya (Thermal Field of the Earth and Methods of Its Study), Moscow: RUDN, 2000, pp. 179–183.
Golubev, V.A., Konduktivnyi i konvektivnyi vynos tepla v Baikal’skoi riftovoi zone (Conductive and Convective Heat Output in the Baikal Rift Zone), Novosibirsk: Geo, 2007.
Guo, Zh., Gao, X., Wang, W., and Yao, Zh., Upper- and mid-crustal radial anisotropy beneath the central Himalaya and southern Tibet from seismic ambient noise tomography, Geophys. J. Int., 2012, vol. 189, pp. 11693–1182. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05425.x
Hauksson, E. and Haase, J.S., Three-dimensional V P and V P/V S velocity models of the Los Angeles basin and central Transverse Ranges, California, J. Geophys. Res., 1997, vol. 102, no. B3, pp. 5423–5453. https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB03219
He, J., Wu, Q., Sandvol, E., Ni, J., Gallegos, A., Gao, M., Ulziibat, M., and Demberel, S., The crustal structure of southcentral Mongolia using receiver functions, Tectonics, 2016, vol. 35, pp. 1392–1403. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015TC004027
Huang, J., Zhao, D., and Zheng, S., Lithospheric structure and its relationship to seismic and volcanic activity in southwest China, J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth, 2002, vol. 107, no. B10, pp. ESE 13-1–ESE 13-14. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB000137
Hurt, C.P., Moskowitz, B.M., and Banerjee, S.K., Magnetic properties of rocks and minerals, in Rock Physics and Phase Relations: A Handbook of Physical Constants, AGU Reference Shelf Ser., vol. 3, Washington: AGU, 1995, pp. 189–204.
Hutchinson, D.R., Golmshtok, A.J., Zonenshain, L.P., Moore, T.C., Scholz, C.A, and Klitgord, K.D., Depositional and tectonic framework of the rift basins of Lake Baikal from multichannel seismic data, Geology, 1992, vol. 20, pp. 589–592. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0589:DATFOT>2.3.CO;2
Hutchinson, D.R., Lee, M.W., Agena, W.F., Golmshtok, A.J., Moskalenko, V.N., Karapetov, K., Coleman, D.F., and Akentiev, L., Processing of Lake Baikal Marine Multichannel Seismic Reflection Data, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-243, 1992. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92243
Ionov, D., Mantle structure and rifting processes in the Baikal-Mongolia region: Geophysical data and evidence from xenoliths in volcanic rocks, Tectonophysics, 2002, vol. 351, pp. 41–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00124-5
Ionov, D.A., O’Reilly, S.Y., and Ashchepkov, I.V., Feldspar-bearing lherzolite xenoliths in alkali basalts from Hamar-Daban, southern Baikal region, Russia, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 1995, vol. 122, pp. 174–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004100050120
Jaupart, C., Mareschal, J.-C., and Iarotsky, L., Radiogenic heatproduction in the continental crust, Lithos, 2016, vol. 262, pp. 398–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2016.07.017
Johnson, J.S., Gibson, S.A., Thompson, R.N., and Nowell, G.M., Volcanism in the Vitim volcanic field, Siberia: Geochemical evidence for a mantle plume beneath the Baikal rift zone, J. Petrol., 2005, vol. 26, pp. 1309–1344. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egi016
Käufl, J.S., Grayver, A.V., Comeau, M.J., Kuvshinov, A.V., Becken, M., Kamm, J., Batmagnai, E., and Demberel, S., Magnetotelluric multiscale 3-D inversion reveals crustal and upper mantle structure beneath the Hangai and Gobi-Altai region in Mongolia, Geophys. J. Int., 2020, vol. 221, no. 2, pp. 1002–1028. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa039
Kennett, B.L.N. and Engdahl, E.R., Travel times for global earthquake location and phase association, Geophys. J. Int., 1991, vol. 105, pp. 429–465. https://doi.org/10.17611/DP/9991809
Kennett, B.L.N., Engdahl, E.R., and Buland, B., Constraints on seismic velocities in the Earth from traveltimes, Geophys. J. Int., 1995, vol. 122, pp. 108–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1995.tb03540.x
Kiselev, A.I. and Popov, A.M., Asthenospheric diaper beneath the Baikal rift: Petrological constraints, Tectonophysics, 1992, vol. 208, pp. 287–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(92)90350-F
Kiselev, A.I., Golovko, H.A., and Medvedev, M.E., Petrochemistry of Cenozoic basalts and associated rocks in the Baikal rift zone, Tectonophysics, 1978, vol. 45, pp. 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(78)90223-8
Korotaev, S.M., Budnev, N.M., Serdyuk, V.O., Orekhova, D.A., Kruglyakov, M.S., Kiktenko, E.O., Mirgazov, R.R., Zurbanov, V.L., Gorokhov, Yu.V., and Ryabov, E.V., Baikal electromagnetic experiment, Geofiz. Protsessy Biosfera, 2018, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 92–126. https://doi.org/10.21455/GPB2018.4-6
Kosarev, G.L., Petersen, N.V., Vinnik, L.P., and Roecker, S.W., Receiver functions for the Tien Shan analog broadband network: Contrasts in the evolution of structures across the Talass-Fergana fault, J. Geophys. Res., 1993, vol. 98, no. B3, pp. 4437–4448. https://doi.org/10.1029/92JB02651
Koulakov, I., High-frequency P and S velocity anomalies in the upper mantle beneath Asia from inversion of worldwide traveltime data, J. Geophys. Res., 2011, vol. 116, Paper ID B04301. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007938
Koulakov, I. and Bushenkova, N., Upper mantle structure beneath the Siberian craton and surrounding areas based on regional tomographic inversion of P and PP travel times, Tectonophysics, 2010, vol. 486, pp. 81–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2010.02.011
Koulakov, I., Tychkov, S., Bushenkova, N., and Vasilevskiy, A., Structure and dynamics of the upper mantle beneath the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt from teleseismic tomography, Tectonophysics, 2002, vol. 358, pp. 77–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00418-3
Kozhevnikov, V.M. and Solovei, O.A., A 3D model of the Central Asia mantle from dispersion of Rayleigh-wave phase velocities, J. Volcanol. Seismol., 2010, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 248–256.
Kozhevnikov, V.M., Seredkina, A.I., and Solovei, O.A., 3D mantle structure of Central Asia from Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion, Russ. Geol. Geophys., 2014, vol. 55, no. 10, pp. 1239–1247.
Krylov, S.V. and Ten, E.N., Strength and elastic properties of focal zones of violent earthquakes within the Baikalian and North Tien Shan regions, Geol. Geofiz., 1995, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 137–150.
Krylov, S.V., Mandel’baum, M.M., Mishen’kin, P.B., Mishen’kina, R.Z., Petrik, G.V., and Seleznev, V.S., Nedra Baikala: po seismicheskim dannym (Subsoil of Baikal: According to Seismic Data), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1981.
Krylov, S.V., Mishen’kina, Z.R., Kul’chinskii, Yu.V., Ten E.N., and Shelud’ko, I.F., Characteristics of the seismically active lithosphere for the northeast of the Baikal region according to the data of detailed work by the DSS method on P- and S-waves, Geol. Geofiz., 1993, no. 8, pp. 110–119.
Kulakov, I.Yu., Three-dimensional seismic heterogeneities beneath the Baikal region according to data of local teleseismic tomography, Geol. Geofiz., 1999, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 317–331.
Kustowski, B., Ekström, G., and Dziewonski, A.M., The anisotropic shear-wave velocity structure of the Earth’s mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 2008, vol. 113, Paper ID B06306. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005169
Kuznetsova, K.I., Lukina, N.V., Rebetskii, Yu.L., Mikhailova, A.V., and Kuchai, O.A., Strain of the crust and upper mantle of East Siberia with reference to continental orogenesis, Izv. Phys. Solid Earth, 2004, vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 543–551.
Laske, G., Masters, G., Ma, Z., and Pasyanos, M., Update on CRUST1.0—A 1-degree global model of Earth’s crust, Geophys. Res. Abstracts of the EGU, Vienna, 2013, Vienna: EGU, 2013, vol. 15, Paper ID EGU 2013-2658.
Lebedev, S., Nolet, G., Meier, T., and van der Hilst, R.D., Automated multimode inversion of surface and S waveforms, Geophys. J. Int., 2005, vol. 162, pp. 951–964. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02708.x
Lebedev, S., Meier, T., and van der Hilst, R.D., Asthenospheric flow and origin of volcanism in the Baikal Rift area, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2006, vol. 249, pp. 415–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.07.007
Lei, J. and Zhao, D., Structural heterogeneity of the Longmenshan fault zone and the mechanism of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Ms 8.0), Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 2009, vol. 10, Paper ID Q10010. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002590
Lesne, O., Calais, E., Deverchère, J., Hassani, R., and Chery, J., Dynamics of intracontinental extension in the North Baikal Rift from two-dimensional numerical deformation modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 2000, vol. 105, no. B9, pp. 21727–21744. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900139
Letnikov, F.A., Karpov, I.K., and Lashkevich, V.V., Computer simulation of the Fe2O3–Fe3O4–O2–H2 multisystem in the range of 200–1000°C and 1–10000 bar, in Flyuidnyi rezhim zemnoi kory i verkhnei mantii (Fluid Regime of the Earth’s Crust and Upper Mantle), Moscow: Nauka, 1977, pp. 33–34.
Li, C.-F. and Wang, J., Variations in Moho and Curie depths and heat flow in Eastern and Southeastern Asia, Mar. Geophys. Res., 2016, vol. 37, pp. 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11001-016-9265-4
Li, C.-F., Lu, Y., and Wang, J., A global reference model of Curie-point depths based on EMAG2, Sci. Rep., 2017, vol. 7, Paper ID 45129. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep45129
Liu, K.H. and Gao, S.S., Mantle transition zone discontinuities beneath the Baikal rift and adjacent areas, J. Geophys. Res., 2006, vol. 111, Paper ID B11301. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004099
Logatchev, N.A., The Baikal rift system, Episodes, 1984, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 38–42.
Logatchev, N.A., History and geodynamics of the lake Baikal rift in the context of the Eastern Siberia rift system: a review, Bull. Cent. Rech. Explor.-Prod. Elf-Aquitaine, 1993, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 353–360.
Logatchev, N.A., Main structural features and geodynamics of the Baikal Rift Zone, Fiz. Mezomekh., 1999, vol. 2, nos. 1–2, pp. 163–170.
Logachev, N.A., History and geodynamics of the Baikal Rift, Geol. Geofiz., 2003, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 391–406.
Logatchev, N.A. and Florensov, N.A., The Baikal system of rift valleys, Tectonophysics, 1978, vol. 45, pp. 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(78)90218-4
Logatchev, N.A. and Zorin, Yu.A., Evidence and causes of the two-stage development of the Baikal rift, Tectonophysics, 1987, vol. 143, pp. 225–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(87)90092-8
Logatchev, N.A. and Zorin, Yu.A., Baikal rift zone: structure and geodynamics, Tectonophysics, 1992, vol. 208, pp. 273–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(92)90349-B
Lysak, S.V., Terrestrial heat flow in zones of active faults in southern East Siberia, Russ. Geol. Geophys., 2002, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 791–803.
Lysak, S.V. and Dorofeeva, R. P., Geothermal regime of the upper horizons of Earth’s crust in the southern regions of Eastern Siberia, Dokl. Earth Sci., 1997, vol. 352, no. 1, pp. 133–138.
Lysak, S.V. and Pisarsky, B.I., Heat flow estimation from helium isotopes in groundwater gases in the Baikal Rift Zone and its surroundings, J. Volcanol. Seismol., 1999, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 345–359.
Ma, Z., Masters, G., Laske, G., and Pasyanos, M., A comprehensive dispersion model of surface wave phase and group velocity for the globe, Geophys. J. Int., 2014, vol. 199, pp. 113–135. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu246
Masters, T.G. and Shearer, P.M., Seismic models of the Earth: elastic and anelastic, in Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Washington: AGU, 1995, pp. 88–103.
Mats, V.D., The sedimentary fill of the Baikal Basin: Implications for rifting age and geodynamics, Russ. Geol. Geophys., 2012, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 936–954.
Medhus, A.B., Balling, N., Jacobsen, B.H., Weidle, C., England, R.W., Kind, R., Thybo, H., and Voss, P., Upper-mantle structure beneath the Southern Scandes Mountains and the Northern Tornquist Zone revealed by P-wave traveltime tomography, Geophys. J. Int., 2012, vol. 189, pp. 1315–1334. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05449.x
Meissner, R., Mooney, W.D., and Artemieva, I., Seismic anisotropy and mantle creep in young orogens, Geophys. J. Int., 2002, vol. 149, pp. 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01628.x
Melnikova, V.I. and Gilyova, N.A., Relationship between seismicity in the northern Pribaikalye and the block structure of the crust, Dokl. Earth Sci., 2017, vol. 473, no. 2, pp. 386–389.
Mel’nikova, V.I., Gilyova, N.A., Masal’skii, O.K., Radziminovich, Ya.B., and Radziminovich, N.A., On generation conditions of strong earthquakes in southern Baikal, Dokl. Earth Sci., 2009a, vol. 429, no. 2, pp. 1483–1487.
Mel’nikova, V.I., Gileva, N.A., Radziminovich, N.A., Masal’skii, O.K., and Chechel’nitskii, V.V., Seismicity of the Baikal rift zone for the digital recording period of earthquake observation (2001–2006), Seism. Instrum., 2009b, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 193–206.
Mel’nikova, V.I., Gileva, N.A., Imaev, V.S., Radziminovich, Ya.B., and Tubanov, Ts.A., Features of seismic activation of the Middle Baikal region, 2008–2011, Dokl. Earth Sci., 2013a, vol. 453, no. 6, pp. 1282–1287.
Melnikova, V.I., Gileva, N.A., Arefyev, S.S., Bykova, V.V., and Seredkina, A.I., The August 27, 2008, M w = 6.3 Kultuk earthquake (South Baikal): The stress-strain state of the source area from the aftershock data, Izv. Phys. Solid Earth, 2013b, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 563–576. https://doi.org/10.7868/S0002333713040078
Mel’nikova, V.I., Seredkina, A.I., and Gileva N.A., Spatio-temporal patterns of the development of strong seismic activations (1999-2007) in the northern Baikal area, Russ. Geol. Geophys., 2020, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 119–134. https://doi.org/10.15372/gig2019103
Mishen’kin, B.P., Mishen’kina, Z.R., Petrik, G.V., Shelud’ko, I.F., Mandel’baum, M.M., Seleznev, V.S., and Solov’ev, V.M., Deep seismic sounding of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle in the Baikal Rift Zone, Izv. Phys. Solid Earth, 1999, vol. 35, nos. 7–8, pp. 594–611.
Molnar, P. and Tapponnier, P., Cenozoic tectonics of Asia: Effects of a continental collision, Science, 1975, vol. 189, pp. 419–426. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.189.4201.419
Montagner, J.-P., Upper mantle low anisotropy channels below the Pacific plate, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2002, vol. 202, pp. 263–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00791-4
Montagner, J.-P., Griot, D.A., and Lave, J., How to relate body wave and surface wave anisotropies?, J. Geophys. Res., 2000, vol. 105, no. B8, pp. 19015–19027. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900015
Mordvinova, V.V. and Artemyev, A.A., The three-dimensional shear velocity structure of lithosphere in the southern Baikal rift system and its surroundings, Russ. Geol. Geophys., 2010, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 694–707.
Mordvinova, V.V., Deschamps, A., Dugarmaa, T., Deverchére, J., Ulziibat, M., Sankov, V.A., Artem’ev, A.A., and Perrot, J., Velocity structure of the lithosphere on the 2003 Mongolian-Baikal transect from SV waves, Izv. Phys. Solid Earth, 2007, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 119–129.
Mordvinova, V.V., Kobelev, M.M., Treusov, A.V., Khritova, M.A., Trynkova, D.S., Kobeleva, E.A., and Lukhneva, O.F., Deep structure of the Siberian platform—Central Asian mobile belt transition zone from teleseismic data, Geodinam. Tektonofiz., 2016, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 85–103. https://doi.org/10.5800/GT-2016-7-1-0198
Mordvinova, V.V., Kobelev, M.M., Khritova, M.A., Turutanov, E.Kh., Kobeleva, E.A., Trynkova, D.S., and Tsydypova, L.R., The deep velocity structure of the southern margin of the Siberian craton with respect to Baikal rifting, Dokl. Earth Sci., 2019, vol. 484, no. 1, pp. 66–70.
Moroz, Yu.F. and Moroz, T.A., Deep geoelectric section of the Baikal Rift, Vestn. KRAUNTs, Nauki Zemle, 2012, no. 2 (20), pp. 114–126.
Moroz, Yu.F., Moroz, T.A., and Buglova, S.G., Vertical and horizontal components of the lake Baikal electrotelluric field and their relation to the electric conductivity, Izv. Phys. Solid Earth, 2008, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 239–248.
Morozova, G.M., Dashevskii, Yu.A., Nevedrova, N.N., and Grekhov, I.O., Deep distribution of electrical conductivity and stress field in the Earth’s crust of the Baikal prognostic polygon, Geol. Geofiz., 1999, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 332–343.
Nielsen, C. and Thybo, H., Lower crustal intrusions beneath the Southern Baikal Rift Zone: evidence from full-waveform modelling of wide-angle seismic data, Tectonophysics, 2009a, vol. 470, pp. 298–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.01.023
Nielsen, C. and Thybo, H., No Moho uplift below the Baikal Rift Zone: Evidence from a seismic refraction profile across southern Lake Baikal, J. Geophys. Res., 2009b, vol. 114, no. B8, Paper ID B08306. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005828
Novoselova, M.R., Magnetic anomalies of the Baikal rift zone and adjacent areas, Tectonophysics, 1978, vol. 45, pp. 95–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(78)90227-5
Pandey, S., Yuan, X., Debayle, E., Priestley, K., Kind, R., Tilmann, F., and Li, X., A 3D shear-wave velocity model of the upper mantle beneath China and the surrounding areas, Tectonophysics, 2014, vol. 633, pp. 193–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2014.07.011
Pankratov, O.V., Kuvshinov, A.V., Avdeev, D.B., Shneyer, V.S., and Trofimov, I.I., Ez-response as a monitor of a Baikal rift fault electrical resistivity: 3D modeling studies, Ann. Geophys., 2004, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 151–156.
Pavlenkova, N.I., Long-range profile data on the upper-mantle structure in the Siberian Platform, Russ. Geol. Geophys., 2006, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 626–641.
Pavlenkova, G.A. and Pavlenkova, N.I., Upper mantle structure of the Northern Eurasia from peaceful nuclear explosion data, Tectonophysics, 2006, vol. 416, pp. 33–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2005.11.010
Petit, C. and Déverchère, J., Structure and evolution of the Baikal rift: a synthesis, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 2006, vol. 7, Paper ID Q11016. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GC001265
Petit, C., Koulakov, I., and Deverchère, J., Velocity structure around the Baikal rift zone from teleseismic and local earthquake traveltimes and geodynamics implications, Tectonophysics, 1998, vol. 296, pp. 125–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00140-1
Pis’mennyi, B.M., Alakshin, A.M., Pospeev, A.V., and Mishen’kin, B.P., Geologiya i seismichnost’ zony BAM. Glubinnoe stroenie (Geology and Seismicity of the BAM Zone. Deep Structure), Novosibirsk: Nauka. 1984.
Popov, A.M., A deep geophysical study in the Baikal region, Pure Appl. Geophys., 1990, vol. 134, pp. 575–587.
Popov, A.M., Baduev, A.B., Amar, A., and Gunchin-Ish, A., Magnetotelluric research in Mongolia, in Glubinnoe stroenie i geodinamika Mongolo-Sibirskogo regiona (Deep Structure and Geodynamics of the Mongol-Siberian Region), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1995, pp. 87–99.
Pospeev, A.V., The velocity structure of the upper mantle and regional deep thermodynamics of the Baikal Rift Zone, Geodinam. Tektonofiz., 2012, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 377–383. https://doi.org/10.5800/GT-2012-3-4-0080
Poupoint, M., Anandakrishnan, S., Ammon, C.J., and Alley, R.B., Lithospheric structure of Greenland from ambient noise and earthquake surface wave tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 2018, vol. 123, pp. 7850–7876. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB015490
Priestley, K. and Debayle, E., Seismic evidence for a moderately thick lithosphere beneath the Siberian Platform, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2003, vol. 30, no. 3, Paper ID 1118. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015931
Priestley, K., Debayle, E., McKenzie, D., and Pilidou, S., Upper mantle structure of eastern Asia from multimode surface waveform tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 2006, vol. 111, Paper ID B10304. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004082
Radziminovich, N.A., Gileva, N.A., Melnikova, V.I., and Ochkovskaya, M.G., Seiemicity of the Baikal rift system from regional network observations, J. Asian Earth Sci., 2013, vol. 62, pp. 146–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.10.029
Rasskazov, S.V., Magmatizm Baikal’skoi riftovoi sistemy (Magmatism of the Baikal Rift System), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1993.
Ravat, D., Pignatelli, A., Nicolosi, I., and Chiappini, M., A study of spectral methods of estimating the depth to the bottom of magnetic sources from near-surface magnetic anomaly data, Geophys. J. Int., 2007, vol. 169, pp. 421–434. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03305.x
Ritsema, J., Deuss, A., van Heijst, H., and Woodhouse, J., S40RTS: a degree-40 shear-velocity model for the mantle from new Rayleigh wave dispersion, teleseismic traveltime and normal-mode splitting function measurements, Geophys. J. Int., 2011, vol. 184, no. 3, pp. 1223–1236. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04884.x
Ritzwoller, M.H. and Levshin, A.L., Eurasian surface wave tomography: group velocities, J. Geophys. Res., 1998, vol. 103, no. B3, pp. 4839–4878. https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB02622
Rogozhina, V.A. and Kozhevnikov, V.M., Oblast’ anomal’noi mantii pod Baikal’skim riftom (Anomalous Mantle Area under the Baikal Rift), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1979.
Savage, M.K., Silver, P.G., and Meyer, R.P., Observations of teleseismic shear-wave splitting in the basin range from portable and permanent stations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1990, vol. 17, pp. 21–24. https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i001p00021
Schaeffer, A.J. and Lebedev, S., Global shear-speed structure of the upper mantle and transition zone, Geophys. J. Int., 2013, vol. 194, pp. 417–449. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt095
Scholz, C.A., Klitgord, K.D., Hutchinson, D.R., ten Brink, U.S., Zonenshain, L.P., Golmshtok, A.Y., and Moore, T.C., Results of 1992 seismic reflection experiment in Lake Baikal, Eos, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 1993, vol. 74, no. 41, pp. 465–470. https://doi.org/10.1029/93EO00546
Seredkina, A.I. and Filippov, S.V., Parameters of the magnetically active layer of the lithosphere of the Baikal Rift Zone, Mater. IV Vseross. simp. s uchastiem inostr. uch., posvyashchennogo 90-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya akad. N.A. Logacheva: Riftogenez, orogenez, soputstvuyushchie protsessy (Proc. IV All-Russ. Symp. with Int. Participation on 90th Anniv. of the Birth of Acad. N.A. Logachev: Riftogenesis, Orogenesis and Associated Processes), Irkutsk, 2019, Irkutsk: IZK SO RAN, 2019a, pp. 186–188.
Seredkina, A.I. and Filippov, S.V., Parameters of the magnetoactive layer of the lithosphere for the Siberian Platform—Transbaikalia profile based on WDMAM 2.0 model data, Geomagn. Aeron., 2019b, vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 761–769. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016794019060099
Seredkina, A.I. and Melnikova, V.I., Seismotectonic crustal strains of the Mongol-Baikal seismic belt from seismological data, in Moment Tensor Solutions: A Useful Tool for Seismotectonics, D’Amico, S., Ed., Springer Natural Hazards Series, Cham: Springer, 2018, pp. 497–517. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77359-9_22
Seredkina, A.I. and Solovei, O.A., Anisotropic properties of the upper mantle in Central Asia according to the group velocity dispersion curves for Rayleigh and Love waves, Geodinam. Tektonofiz., 2018, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 427–437. https://doi.org/10.5800/GT-2018-9-2-0354
Seredkina, A.I., Melnikova, V.I., Gileva, N.A., and Radziminovich, Y.B., The M w = 4.3 January 17, 2014, earthquake: very rare seismic event on the Siberian platform, J. Seismol., 2015, vol. 19, pp. 685–694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-015-9487-y
Seredkina, A.I., Kozhevnikov, V.M., Melnikova, V.I., and Solovey, O.A., Seismicity and S-wave velocity structure of the crust and the upper mantle in the Baikal rift and adjacent regions, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 2016, vol. 261, pp. 152–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2016.10.011
Seredkina, A.I., Kozhevnikov, V.M., and Solovei, O.A., Dispersion of group velocities of Rayleigh and Love waves and anisotropic properties of the Asian continent, Russ. Geol. Geophys., 2018, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 448–458. https://doi.org/10.15372/GiG20180410
Seredkina, A.I., Melnikova, V.I., Radziminovich, Y.B., and Gileva, N.A., Seismicity of the Erguna region (Northeastern China): evidence for local stress redistribution, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 2020, vol. 110, pp. 803–815. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120190182
Shapiro, N.M. and Ritzwoller, M.H., Monte-Carlo inversion for a global shear velocity model for the crust and upper mantle, Geophys. J. Int., 2002, vol. 151, pp. 88–105. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01742.x
Shen, W., Ritzwoller, M.H., Kang, D., Kim, Y., Lin, F.-C., Ning, J., Wang, W., Zheng, Y., and Zhou, L., A seismic reference model for the crust and uppermost mantle beneath China from surface wave dispersion, Geophys. J. Int., 2016, vol. 206, no. 2, pp. 954–979. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggw175
Song, Y., Krylov, S.V., Yang, B., Cai, L., Dong, S., Liang, T., Li, J., Xu X., Mishenkina, Z.R., Petrik, G.V., Shelud’ko, I.F., Seleznev, V.S., and Solov’ev, V.M., Deep seismic sounding of the lithosphere on the Baikal–Northeastern China international transect, Russ. Geol. Geophys., 1996, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 1–13.
Suvorov, V.D., Mishenkina, Z.M., Petrik, G.V., Sheludko, I.F., Seleznev, V.S., and Solovyov, V.M., Structure of the crust in the Baikal rift zone and adjacent areas from Deep Seismic Sounding data, Tectonophysics, 2002, vol. 351, pp. 61–74.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00125-7
Tanaka, A., Global centroid distribution of magnetized layer from World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map, Tectonics, 2017, vol. 36, pp. 3248–3253. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017TC004770
Tapponier, P. and Molnar, P., Active faulting and Cenozoic tectonics of the Tien Shan, Mongolia, and Baikal regions, J. Geophys. Res., 1979, vol. 84, no. B7, pp. 3425–3459. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB07p03425
ten Brink, U.S. and Taylor, M.H., Crustal structure of central Lake Baikal: Insight into intracontinental rifting, J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth, 2002, vol. 107, no. B7, pp. ETG 2-1–ETG 2-15. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000300
Tiberi, C., Diament, M., Déverchère, J., Petit-Mariani, C., Mikhailov, V., Tikhotsky, S., and Achauer, U., Deep structure of the Baikal rift zone revealed by joint inversion of gravity and seismology, J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth, 2003, vol. 108, no. B3, Paper ID 2133. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JB001880
Trampert, J. and Woodhouse, J., Global anisotropic phase velocity maps for fundamental mode surface waves between 40 and 150 s, Geophys. J. Int., 2003, vol. 154, pp. 154–165. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01952.x
Villasenor, A., Ritzwoller, M.H., Levshin, A.L., Barmin, M.P., Engdahl, E.R., Spakman, W., and Trampet, J., Shear velocity structure of Central Eurasia from inversion of surface wave velocities, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 2001, vol. 123, pp. 169–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9201(00)00208-9
Vinnik, L.P., Detection of waves converted from P to SV in the mantle, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 1977, vol. 15, pp. 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(77)90008-5
Vinnik, L.P., Farra, V., and Romanowicz, B., Azimuthal anisotropy in the Earth from observations of SKS at Geoscope and NARS broadband stations, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 1989, vol. 79, pp. 1542–1558.
Vinnik, L.P., Makayeva, L.I., Milev, A., and Usenko, A.Y., Global patterns of azimuthal anisotropy and deformations in the continental mantle, Geophys. J. Int., 1992, vol. 111, pp. 433–447. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1992.tb02102.x
Vinnik, L.P., Reigber, C., Aleshin, I.M., Kosarev, G.L., Kaban, M.K., Oreshin, S.I., and Roecker, S.W., Receiver function tomography of the central Tien Shan, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2004, vol. 225, pp. 131–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.05.039
Vinnik, L.P., Oreshin, S.I., Tsydypova, L.R., Mordvinova, V.V., Kobelev, M.M., Khritova, M.A., and Tubanov, Ts.A., Crust and mantle of the Baikal Rift Zone from P- and S-wave receiver functions, Geodinam. Tektonofiz., 2017, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 695–709. https://doi.org/10.5800/GT-2017-8-4-0313
Yakovlev, A.V., Kulakov, I.Yu., and Tychkov, S.A., Moho depths and three-dimensional velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Baikal region, from local tomography, Russ. Geol. Geophys., 2007, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 204–220.
Yanovskaya, T.B., Development of methods for solving problems of surface-wave tomography based on the Bakus-Hilbert method, in Vychislitel’naya seismologiya, vyp. 32 (Computational Seismology, vol. 32), Moscow: GEOS, 2000, pp. 11–26.
Yanovskaya, T.B., Poverkhnostno-volnovaya tomografiya v seismologicheskikh issledovaniyakh (Surface-Wave Tomography in Seismological Research), St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2015.
Yanovskaya, T.B. and Akchurin, K.R., Anisotropy of the upper mantle of the Asian continent according to the phase and group velocities of the Rayleigh and Love waves, Vopr. Geofiz., 2009, vol. 42, pp. 3–11.
Yanovskaya, T.B. and Kozhevnikov, V.M., 3D S-wave velocity pattern in the upper mantle beneath the continent of Asia from Rayleigh wave data, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 2003, vol. 138, pp. 263–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9201(03)00154-7
Yanovskaya, T.B. and Kozhevnikov, V.M., Upper mantle anisotropy beneath the Asian continent from group velocities of Rayleigh and Love waves, Geol. Geofiz., 2006, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 622–629.
Yanovskaya, T.B., Kozhevnikov, V.M., Solovei, O.A., and Akchurin, K.R., Structure of the upper mantle in Asia from phase and group velocities of Rayleigh waves, Izv. Phys. Solid Earth, 2008, vol. 44, no. 8, pp. 622–630.
Yanovskii, B.M., Zemnoi magnetizm (Terrestrial Magnetism), Leningrad: LGU, 1978.
Yuan, K. and Beghein, C., Seismic anisotropy changes across upper mantle phase transitions, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2013, vol. 374, pp. 132–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.05.031
Zhao, D., Seismic structure and origin of hotspots and mantle plumes, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2001, vol. 192, pp. 251–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00465-4
Zhao, D., Kanamori, H., Negishi, H., and Wiens, D., Tomography of the source area of the 1995 Kobe earthquake: Evidence for fluids at the hypocenter, Science, 1996, vol. 274, pp. 1891–1894. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5294.1891
Zhao, D., Ochi, F., Hasegawa, A., and Yamamoto, A., Evidence for the location and cause of large crustal earthquakes in Japan, J. Geophys. Res., 2000, vol. 105, no. B6, pp. 13579–13594. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900026
Zhao, D., Lei, J., Inoue, T., Yamada, A., and Gao, S.S., Deep structure and origin of the Baikal rift zone, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2006, vol. 243, pp. 681–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.033
Zhou, Y., Nolet, G., Dahlen, F.A., and Laske, G., Global upper-mantle structure from finite-frequency surface-wave tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 2006, vol. 111, Paper ID B04304. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003677
Zonenshain, L.P. and Savostin, L.A., Vvedenie v geodinamiku (Introduction to Geodynamics), Moscow: Nedra, 1979.
Zorin, Yu.A., The mechanism of formation of the Baikal Rift Zone in connection with the peculiarities of its deep structure, in Rol’ riftogeneza v geologicheskoi istorii Zemli (The Role of Rifting in the Geological History of the Earth), Novosibirsk: Nauka, Sib. Otd., 1977, pp. 36–47.
Zorin, Yu.A. and Turutanov, E.Kh., Plumes and geodynamics of the Baikal Rift Zone, Russ. Geol. Geophys., 2005, vol. 46, no. 7, pp. 669–682.
Zorin, Yu.A. and Turutanov, E.Kh., Regional isostatic gravity anomalies and mantle plumes in southern East Siberia (Russia) and Central Mongolia, Russ. Geol. Geophys., 2004, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 1248–1258.
Zorin, Yu.A., Mordvinova, V.V., Novoselova, M.R., and Turutanov, E.Kh., Density heterogeneity of the mantle under the Baikal Rift, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Fiz. Zemli, 1986, no. 5, pp. 43–52.
Zorin, Yu.A., Balk, T.V., Novoselova, M.R., and Turutanov, E.Kh., The thickness of the lithosphere under the Mongol-Siberian mountainous country and adjacent regions, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Fiz. Zemli, 1988, no. 7, pp. 34–42.
Zorin, Yu.A., Kozhevnikov, V.M., Novoselova, M.R., and Turutanov, E.Kh., Thickness of the lithosphere beneath the Baikal rift zone and adjacent regions, Tectonophysics, 1989, vol. 168, pp. 327–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(89)90226-6
Zorin, Yu.A., Novoselova, M.R., Turutanov, E.Kh., and Kozhevnikov, V.M., Structure of the lithosphere of the Mongolian–Siberian Mountainous Province, J. Geodyn., 1990, vol. 11, pp. 327–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-3707(90)90015-M
Zorin, Yu.A., Mordvinova, V.V., Turutanov, E.Kh., Belichenko, B.G., Artemyev, A.A., Kosarev, G.L., and Gao, S.S., Low seismic velocity in the Earth’s crust beneath Eastern Siberia (Russia) and Central Mongolia: receiver function data and their possible geological implication, Tectonophysics, 2002, vol. 359, pp. 307–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00531-0
Zorin, Y.A., Turutanov, E.Kh., Mordvinova, V.V., Kozhevnikov, V.M., Yanovskaya, T.B., and Treussov, A.V., The Baikal rift zone: the effect of mantle plumes on older structure, Tectonophysics, 2003, vol. 371, pp. 153–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00214-2
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I am deeply grateful to Dr. V.I. Melnikova, Dr. Ya.B. Radzi-minovich (IEC SB RAS) and Dr. S.V. Filippov (IZMIRAN) for their helping in preparing the article for publication and discussions.
Funding
The work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under project no. 19-15-50130.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated by M. Nazarenko
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Seredkina, A.I. The State of the Art in Studying the Deep Structure of the Earth’s Crust and Upper Mantle beneath the Baikal Rift from Seismological Data. Izv., Phys. Solid Earth 57, 180–202 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351321020117
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351321020117