Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-qsmjn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-17T20:09:18.295Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Mid-season sweet oranges for fresh and processing markets in Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 April 2021

Yuri Caires Ramos Open the ORCID record for Yuri Caires Ramos [Opens in a new window] ,
André Luiz Fadel Open the ORCID record for André Luiz Fadel [Opens in a new window] ,
Horst Bremer Neto Open the ORCID record for Horst Bremer Neto [Opens in a new window] ,
Marina Maitto Caputo Open the ORCID record for Marina Maitto Caputo [Opens in a new window] ,
Eduardo Sanches Stuchi Open the ORCID record for Eduardo Sanches Stuchi [Opens in a new window]  and
Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho Open the ORCID record for Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho [Opens in a new window]
Yuri Caires Ramos
Affiliation:
Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Departamento de Produção Vegetal. Avenida Pádua Dias, 11. 13418-900Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
André Luiz Fadel
Affiliation:
Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Departamento de Produção Vegetal. Avenida Pádua Dias, 11. 13418-900Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
Horst Bremer Neto
Affiliation:
Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Departamento de Produção Vegetal. Avenida Pádua Dias, 11. 13418-900Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
Marina Maitto Caputo
Affiliation:
Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Departamento de Produção Vegetal. Avenida Pádua Dias, 11. 13418-900Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
Eduardo Sanches Stuchi
Affiliation:
Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Estação Experimental de Citricultura de Bebedouro, Rodovia Brigadeiro Faria Lima, km 384. 14700-971Bebedouro, SP, Brazil
Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho*
Affiliation:
Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Departamento de Produção Vegetal. Avenida Pádua Dias, 11. 13418-900Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
*
*Corresponding author: Email: francisco.mourao@usp.br
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Pera sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) is the most important mid-season sweet orange cultivar in Brazil, not only because of its desirable fruit quality for both juice processing and the fresh fruit market, but also because there is a lack of adequate mid-season alternative sweet orange cultivars. This study aimed to evaluate the horticultural performance of other sweet oranges in an attempt to identify similar or superior selections to the standard cultivar, Pera IAC sweet orange. Seventeen sweet oranges selections, including the standard Pera IAC, were budded on Sunki mandarin [C. sunki (Hayata) hort. ex Tanaka]. The experiment was planted in 2007, using 12-month-old nursery trees, with 6.5 × 2.5 m spacing in the Southern region of São Paulo state, Brazil. The experimental orchard was maintained with standard commercial management practices, and without supplementary irrigation. Data collection started three years after planting and was carried out until seven years after the experiment had been installed. Vegetative growth, plant yield, fruit drop, fruit quality, and fruit maturation regressions were assessed. Averages of the alternative selections were compared with those of the standard cultivar by Dunnett test. Performance indexes were calculated in order to identify potential superior selections for the fresh fruit market and for juice processing. Results indicated significant differences among the selections evaluated when compared with the standard cultivar, suggesting better alternatives to be exploited. Five selections (Biondo, Finike, Pera Alexandre Maróstica, Seleta Rio, and Vaccaro Blood) offered superior performance in terms of attributes required for the fresh fruit market, while one selection (Pera Alexandre Maróstica) was superior for juice processing traits. These alternatives to Pera IAC represent an opportunity for more efficient and productive scions with higher fruit quality, and with a slight shift within the mid-season harvest time of sweet oranges in Brazil.

Keywords

Accumulated degree daysFruit qualityYield
Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 57 , Issue 1 , February 2021 , pp. 15 - 32
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

†

Present address: Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas. Rua Rui Barbosa, 710. 44380-000 Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil.

References

Adouli, B., Zamani, Z., Fattahi-Mohgadam, M.R., Golein, B. and Rezaei, K. (2018). Effects of alternate bearing and 2,4-D application on fruit growth pattern, abscission enzymes activity, ACC content of calyx and carbohydrates partitioning of fruits in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) cv. Miyagawa. Scientia Horticulturae 238, 58–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.04.042 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alvares, C.A., Stape, J.L., Sentelhas, P.C., Gonçalves, J.L.M. and Sparovek, G. (2013). Köppen’s climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 22, 711–728. https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barry, G.H., Castle, W.S. and Davies, F.S. (2004). Soluble solids accumulation in ‘Valencia’ sweet orange as related to rootstock selection and fruit size. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 129, 594–598. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.129.4.0594 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benjamin, G., Tietel, Z. and Porat, R. (2013). Effects of rootstock/scion combinations on the flavor of citrus fruit. Journal Agricultural and Food Chemistry 61, 11286–11294. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf402892p CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caputo, M.M., Mourão Filho, F.A.A., Silva, R.S., Bremer Neto, H., Couto, H.T.Z. and Stuchi, E.S. (2012). Seleção de cultivares de laranja doce de maturação precoce por índices de desempenho. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 47, 1669–1672. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2012001100015CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantuarias-Aviles, T., Mourão Filho, F.A.A., Stuchi, E.S., da Silva, S.R. and Espinoza-Núñez, E. (2010). Tree performance and fruit yield and quality of ‘Okitsu’ Satsuma mandarin grafted on 12 rootstocks. Scientia Horticulturae 123, 318–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2009.09.020CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carvalho, S.A., Latado, R.R., Silva, L.F.C. and Müller, G.W. (2015). Agronomic performance of thirty two clones of ‘pera’ Sweet Orange in São Paulo State, Brazil. Acta Horticulturae 1065, 281–291. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1065.34CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castle, W.S. and Baldwin, J.C. (2011). Young-tree performance of juvenile sweet orange scions on Swingle citrumelo rootstock. HortScience 46, 541–552. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.46.4.541 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castle, W.S., Bowman, K.D., Baldwin, J.C., Grosser, J.W. and Gmitter, F.G. (2011). Rootstocks affect tree growth, yield, and juice quality of ‘Marsh’ grapefruit. HortScience 46, 841–848. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.46.6.841CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CEAGESP. (2011). Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo. Normas de classificação de citros de mesa. http://www.ceagesp.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/citros.pdf (accessed 20 April 2020).Google Scholar
Davies, F.S. and Albrigo, L.G. (1994). Citrus. Wallingford: Cab International.Google Scholar
De Negri, J.D., Stuchi, E.S. and Blasco, E.E. (2005). Planejamento e implantação do pomar cítrico, in: Mattos Júnior, D., De Negri, J.D., Pio, R.M. (eds), Citros. Campinas: Instituto Agronômico e Fundag, pp. 409–427.Google Scholar
Di Giorgi, F., Ide, B.Y., Dib, K., Marchi, R.J., Triboni, H.R. and Wagner, R.L.D. (1993). Qualidade da laranja para industrialização. Laranja 14, 97–118.Google Scholar
Domingues, E.T., Teófilo Sobrinho, J., Tulmann Neto, A. and Mattos Júnior, D. (1999). Seleção de clones de laranja ‘Pêra’ e variedades assemelhadas quanto à qualidade do fruto e ao período de maturação. Laranja 20, 433–455.Google Scholar
Donadio, L.C. (1999). Laranja Pêra. Jaboticabal, SP: FUNEP, 51p. (Estação Experimental de Citricultura de Bebedouro - Boletim Citrícola, n. 11).Google Scholar
Donadio, L.C., Figueiredo, J.O. and Pio, R.M. (1995). Variedades cítricas brasileiras. Jaboticabal, SP: FUNEP, 228p.Google Scholar
Donadio, L.C., Stuchi, E.S., Pozzan, M. and Sempionato, O.R. (1999). Novas cultivares de laranja para indústria. Jaboticabal, SP: FUNEP, 42p. (Estação Experimental de Citricultura de Bebedouro - Boletim Citrícola, n. 8).Google Scholar
Dovale, J.C., Fritsche-Neto, R. and Silva, P.S.L. (2011). Índice de seleção para cultivares de milho com dupla aptidão: minimilho e milho verde. Bragantia 70, 781–787. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0006-87052011000400008 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Espinoza-Núñez, E., Mourão Filho, F.A.A., Stuchi, E.S. and Ortega, E.M.M. (2008). Desenvolvimento e produtividade da tangerina “Fairchild” sobre quatro porta-enxertos. Ciência Rural 38, 1553–1557. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782008000600010 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fadel, A.L., Stuchi, E.S., Silva, S.R., Parolin, L.G., Oliveira, C.R., Müller, G.W. and Donadio, L.C. (2019). Compatibility and horticultural performance of Pera sweet orange clones grafted to Swingle citrumelo rootstock. Bragantia 78, 564–572. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20190116 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FAO (2018). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Production Quantity. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC (accessed 10 May 2020).Google Scholar
Ferreira, A., Cecon, P.R., Cruz, C.D., Ferrão, R.G., Silva, M.F., Fonseca, A.F.A. and Ferrão, M.A.G. (2005). Seleção simultânea de Coffea canephora por meio da combinação de análise de fatores e índices de seleção. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 40, 1189–1195. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2005001200005 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forner-Giner, M.A., Rodriguez-Gamir, J., Martinez-Alcantara, B., Quiñones, A., Iglesias, D.J., Primo-Millo, E. and Forner, J. (2014). Performance of Navel orange trees grafted onto two new dwarfing rootstocks (Forner-Alcaide 517 and Forner-Alcaide 418). Scientia Horticulturae 179, 376–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.07.032 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fundecitrus (2020). Final orange crop forecast for São Paulo and West-Southwest Minas Gerais citrus belt – April update. https://www.fundecitrus.com.br/pdf/pes_relatorios/0420_Orange_Crop_Forecast_Update.pdf (accessed 13 April 2020).Google Scholar
Girardi, E.A., Cerqueira, T.S., Cantuarias-Avilés, T.E., Silva, S.R. and Stuchi, E.S. (2017). Sunki mandarin and Swingle citrumelo as rootstocks for rain-fed cultivation of late-season sweet orange selections in northern São Paulo state, Brazil. Bragantia 76, 501–511. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.2016.350 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodgson, R.W. (1967). Horticultural varieties of citrus. In Reuther, W., Webber, H.J., Batchelor, L.D. (eds), The Citrus Industry. Berkeley: University of California, pp. 431–459.Google Scholar
Jimenez-Cuesta, M., Cuquerella-Cayuela, L. and Martinez-Javega, J.M. (1983). Teoría y práctica de la desverdización de los cítricos. Madrid: INIA (INIA. Hoja técnica. 46).Google Scholar
Khalid, S., Malik, A.U., Saleem, B.A., Khan, A.S., Khalid, M.S. and Amin, M. (2012). Tree age and canopy position affect rind quality, fruit quality and rind nutrient content of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour x Citrus deliciosa Tenora). Scientia Horticulturae 135, 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.12.010 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khefifi, H., Selmane, R., Ben Mimoun, M. Tadeo, F., Morillon, R. and Luro, F. (2020). Abscission of Orange Fruit (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.) in the Mediterranean Basin depends more on environmental conditions than on fruit ripeness. Agronomy 10, 591. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040591 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimball, D.A. (1984). Factors affecting the rate of maturation of citrus fruits. Proceeding of the Florida State Horticultural Society. Winter Haven 97, 40–44.Google Scholar
Kimball, D.A. (1991). Nutritional content of citrus juices. In Kimball, D.A. (ed), Citrus Processing: Quality Control and Technology. New York: Springer, pp. 162–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Latado, R.R., Tulmann Neto, A., Ando, A., Iemma, A.F., Pompeu Junior, J., Figueiredo, J.O., Pio, R.M., Machado, M.A., Nakemata, T., Ceravolo, L. and Rossi, A.C. (2001). Sweet Orange ‘Pera’ mutants with low number of seeds obtained through mutation induction. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 23, 339–344. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452001000200028 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Legua, P., Forner, J.B., Hernández, F. and Forner-Giner, M.A. (2013). Physicochemical properties of orange juice from ten rootstocks using multivariate analysis. Scientia Horticulturae 160, 268–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2013.06.010 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mattos Júnior, D., De Negri, J.D., Pompeu Junior, J., Ghilardi, A.A., Azevedo, F.A. and Bastianel, M. (2014). Citros. In Aguiar, T.E.T., Gonçalves, C., Paterniani, M.E.Z., Tucci, M.L.S., Castro, C.E.F. (eds), Instruções Agrícolas para as principais culturas econômicas – Boletim 200. Campinas: Instituto Agronômico, pp. 140–149.Google Scholar
Monselise, S.P. (1986). Citrus. In Monselise, S.P. (ed.), CRC Handbook of Fruit Set and Development. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 87–108. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351073042 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Müller, G.W., Targon, M.L.N. and Machado, M.A. (1999). Trinta anos de uso do clone pré-imunizado ‘Pêra IAC’ na citricultura paulista. Laranja 20, 399–408.Google Scholar
Navarro, L., Roistacher, C.N. and Murashige, T. (1975). Improvement of shoot tip grafting in vitro for virus-free citrus. Journal American Society for Horticultural Science 160, 471–479.Google Scholar
Pearce, S.C. and Dobersek-Urbanc, S. (1967). The measurements of irregularity in growth and cropping. Journal of Horticultural Science 42, 295–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221589.1967.11514216 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pesek, J. and Baker, R.J. (1969). Desired improvement in relation to selected indices. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 49, 803–804.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pio, R.M., Figueiredo, J.O., Stuchi, E.S. and Cardoso, S.A.B. (2005). Variedades Copas. In Mattos, D. Jr., De Negri, J.D., Pio, R.M., Pompeu, J. Jr. (eds), Citros. Campinas: Instituto Agronômico e Fundag, pp. 429–447.Google Scholar
Pio, R.M., Minami, K. and Figueiredo, J.D. (2001). Características do fruto da variedade Span Americana (Citrus reticulata Blanco): uma tangerina do tipo ‘Poncã’ de maturação precoce. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 23, 325–329. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452013000400016 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramos, Y.C., Mourão Filho, F.A.A., Stuchi, E.S., Sentelhas, P.C. and Fadel, A.L. (2016). Sensibilidade de laranjeiras-doces ao déficit hídrico. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 51, 86–89. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2016000100011 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salibe, A.A., Teófilo Sobrinho, J. and Müller, G.W. (2002). Sinopse de conhecimentos e pesquisas sobre a laranja – ‘Pêra’. Laranja 23, 221–230.Google Scholar
Sanderson, G.P. and Treeby, M.T. (2014). Fruit yield of common orange varieties in south-east Australia: Initial evaluation versus long term performance. Scientia Horticulturae 180, 111–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.10.009 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schinor, E.H., Aguilar-Vildoso, C.I. and Mourão Filho, F.A.A. (2009). Caracterização agronômica de seleções de laranjeira Pêra e sua relação com a mancha-preta dos citros. Laranja 30, 75–96.Google Scholar
Sentelhas, P.C. (2005). Agrometeorologia dos citros. In Mattos Junior, D., De Negri, J.D., Pio, R.M., Pompeu Junior, J. (eds), Citros. Campinas: Instituto Agronômico e Fundag, pp. 319–344.Google Scholar
Simonetti, L.M., Cristofani-Yaly, M., Barros, V.L.N.P., Schinor, E.H., Fadel, A.L., Sousa, M. C., Leonel, S. and Tecchio, M.A. (2015). Porta-enxertos alternativos para cultivo de laranja Valência na região sudoeste do estado de São Paulo. Citrus Research & Technology 36, 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/crt08916 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, M.W., Shaw, R.G., Chapman, J.C., Owen-Turner, J., Lee, L.S., McRae, K.B., Jorgensen, K.R., Mungomery, W.V. (2004). Long-term performance of ‘Ellendale’ mandarin on seven commercial rootstocks in sub-tropical Australia. Scientia Horticulturae 102, 75–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steger, E. (1990). Trinta anos de desenvolvimento em processamento de citros: histórico, estado de arte e visão geral. Laranja 11, 463–502.Google Scholar
Stenzel, N.M.C., Neves, C.S.V.J., Gomes, J.C. and Medina, C.C. (2003). Performance of ‘Ponkan’ mandarin on seven rootstocks in Southern Brazil. HortScience 38, 176–178. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.38.2.176 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stenzel, N.M.C., Neves, C.S.V.J., Marur, C.J., Scholz, M.B.S. and Gomes, J.C. (2006). Maturation curves and degree-days accumulation for fruits of ‘Folha Murcha’ orange trees. Scientia Agricola, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162006000300002 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuchi, E.S., Donadio, L.C., Sempionato, O.R. and Perecin, D. (2004). Produtividade e qualidade dos frutos da laranjeira ‘Pêra’ clone IAC em 16 porta-enxertos na região de Bebedouro-SP. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 26, 359–362. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452004000200044 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teófilo Sobrinho, J., Pompeu Junior, J., Figueiredo, J.O. and Tanuri, F. (1990). Seleção de clones de laranjeira ‘Pêra’ na região de Araraquara. Laranja 11, 297–308.Google Scholar
Volpe, C.A. (1992). Fenologia de citros. In Donadio, L.C (ed), Second International Seminar on Citrus Physiology Proceedings. Bebedouro, SP: FUNEP, 251p.Google Scholar
Volpe, C.A., Schöffel, E.R. and Barbosa, J.C. (2002). Influência da soma térmica e da chuva durante o desenvolvimento de laranjas ‘Valência’ e ‘Natal’ na relação entre sólidos solúveis e acidez e no índice tecnológico do suco. Revista Brasileira Fruticultura 24, 436–441. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452002000200031 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wheaton, T.A., Castle, W.S., Whitney, J.D., Tucker, D.P.H. and Muraro, R.P.A. (1990). High density citrus planting. Proceeding of the Florida State Horticultural Society, New York 103, 55–59.Google Scholar
Yildiz, E., Hakan Demirkeser, T. and Kaplankiran, M. (2013). Growth, yield, and fruit quality of ‘Rhode Red Valencia’ and ‘Valencia Late’ sweet oranges grown on three rootstocks in eastern Mediterranean. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research 73, 142–146. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392013000200009 CrossRefGoogle Scholar