Abstract
Pyrolysis of wood meal, a holocellulose-lignin mixture, holocellulose, and lignin was carried out using TGA-FTIR to investigate the effects of holocellulose-lignin interactions on the pyrolysis behavior of wood meal, in this study. The interactions between holocellulose and lignin showed no obvious effects on the pyrolysis behavior of holocellulose in wood meal at temperatures under 325 °C. However, the interactions did inhibit the pyrolysis of both lignin and holocellulose at higher temperatures, probably because of the high energy needed to dissociate the covalent linkages between holocellulose and lignin. Only a portion of covalent linkages were cracked at the temperatures of 215–395 °C, whereas they could be just barely destroyed at 395–565 °C. The char generated from holocellulose that was connected with lignin by unabridged covalent linkages would inhibit the decomposition of lignin at high pyrolysis temperatures by adsorbing on its surface, resulting in a higher char residue yield compared to that of the holocellulose-lignin mixture after pyrolysis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ma LL, Wang TJ, Liu QY, Zhang XH, Ma WC, Zhang Q (2012) A review of thermal-chemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass in China. Biotechnol Adv 30:859–873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.01.016
Wang S, Dai G, Yang H, Luo Z (2017) Lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis mechanism: a state-of-the-art review. Prog Energy Combust Sci 62:33–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2017.05.004
Lazdovica K, Liepina L, Kampars V (2015) Comparative wheat straw catalytic pyrolysis in the presence of zeolites, Pt/C, and Pd/C by using TGA-FTIR method. Fuel Process Technol 138:645–653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.07.005
Anca-Couce A (2016) Reaction mechanisms and multi-scale modelling of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis. Prog Energy Combust Sci 53:41–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2015.10.002
Ma ZQ, Chen DY, Gu J, Bao BF, Zhang QS (2015) Determination of pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of palm kernel shell using TGA-FTIR and model-free integral methods. Energ Convers Manage 89:251–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.09.074
Grilc M, Likozar B, Levec J (2014) Hydrodeoxygenation and hydrocracking of solvolysed lignocellulosic biomass by oxide, reduced and sulphide form of NiMo, Ni, Mo and Pd catalysts. Appl Catal B-Environ 150:275–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.12.030
Bgattacgarjee N, Biswas AB (2018) Pyrolysis of Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed): effect of pyrolysis parameter on product yield and characterization of liquid product and bio char. J Energy Inst 91:605–618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2017.02.011
Campuzano F, Brown RC, Martinez JD (2019) Auger reactors for pyrolysis of biomass and wastes. Renew Sust Energ Rev 102:372–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.12.014
Kan T, Strezov V, Evans TJ (2016) Lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis: a review of product properties and effects of pyrolysis parameters. Renew Sust Energ Rev 57:1126–1140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.185
Kim SS, Agblevor FA (2014) Thermogravimetric analysis and fast pyrolysis of milkweed. Bioresour Technol 169:367–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.079
Muradov N, Fidalgo B, Gujar AC, T-Raissi A (2010) Pyrolysis of fast-growing aquatic biomass-Lemna minor (duckweed): characterization of pyrolysis products. Bioresour Technol 101:8424–8428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.05.089
Liu ZG, Han GH (2015) Production of solid fuel biochar from waste biomass by low temperature pyrolysis. Fuel 158:159–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.05.032
Mckendry P (2002) Energy production from biomass (part 1): overview of biomass. Bioresour Technol 83:37–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00118-3
Haykiri-Acma H, Yaman S, Kucukbayrak S (2010) Comparison of the thermal reactivities of isolated lignin and holocellulose during pyrolysis. Fuel Process Technol 91:759–764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.02.009
Dionisi D, Anderson JA, Aulenta F, MaCue A, Paton G (2015) The potential of microbial processes for lignocellulosic biomass conversion to ethanol: a review. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 90:366–383. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4544
Agbor VB, Cicek N, Sparling R, Berlin A, Levin DB (2011) Biomass pretreatment: fundamentals toward application. Biotechnol Adv 29:675–685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005
Yu J, Paterson N, Blamey J, Millan M (2017) Cellulose, xylan and lignin interactions during pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Fuel 191:140–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.11.057
Wu SL, Shen DK, Hu J, Zhang HY, Xiao R (2016) Cellulose-hemicellulose interactions during fast pyrolysis with different temperatures and mixing methods. Biomass Bioenergy 95:55–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.09.015
Wu SL, Shen DK, Hu J, Zhang HY, Xiao R (2016) Cellulose-lignin interactions during fast pyrolysis with different temperatures and mixing methods. Biomass Bioenergy 90:209–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.04.012
Demibas A (2007) The influence of temperature on the yields of compounds existing in bio-oils obtained from biomass samples via pyrolysis. Fuel Process Technol 88:591–597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.01.010
Mettler MS, Mushrif SH, Paulsen AD, Javadekar AD, Vlachos DG, Dauenhauer PJ (2012) Revealing pyrolysis chemistry for biofuels production: conversion of cellulose to furans and small oxygenates. Energy Environ Sci 5:5414–5424. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1EE02743C
Liu Q, Zhong ZP, Wang SR, Luo ZY (2011) Interactions of biomass components during pyrolysis: A TG-FTIR study. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 90:213–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2010.12.009
Fushimi C, Katayama S, Tsutsumi A (2009) Elucidation of interaction among cellulose, lignin and xylan during tar and gas evolution in steam gasification. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 86:82–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2009.04.008
Rowell RH (2012) Handbook of wood chemistry and wood composites, 2nd edn. Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, Florida
Schnidt M, Gierlinger N, Schade U, Rogge T, Grunze M (2006) Polarized infrared microspectroscopy of single spruce fibers: hydrogen bonding in wood polymers. Biopolymers 83:546–555. https://doi.org/10.1002/bip.20585
Akerholm M, Salmen L (2001) Interactions between wood polymers studied by dynamic FT-IR spectroscopy. Polymer 42:963–969. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00434-1
Lawoka M, Henriksson G, Gellerstedt G (2006) Characterization of lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) of spruce wood (Picea abies L.) isolated with two method. Holzforschung 60:156–161. https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2006.025
Zhang J, Choi YS, Yoo CG, Kim TH, Brown RC, Shanks BH (2015) Cellulose-hemicellulose and cellulose-lignin interactions during fast pyrolysis. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 3:293–301. https://doi.org/10.1021/sc500664h
Zhang XL, Yang WH, Blasiak W (2011) Modeling study of woody biomass: interactions of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Energy Fuel 25:4786–4795. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef201097d
Kosikova B, Ebringerova A (1994) Lignin-carbohydrate bonds in a residual soda spruce pulp lignin. Wood Sci Technol 28:291–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00204215
Yang W, Fang MN, Xu H, Wang H, Wu SJ, Zhou J, Zhu SX (2019) Interactions between holocellulose and lignin during hydrolysis of sawdust in subcritical water. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 7:10583–10594. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b01127
Guo X, Zhao Z, Singh S, Qiao D (2019) Tri-pyrolysis: a thermos-kinetic characterisation of polyethylene, cornstalk, and anthracite coal using TGA-FTIR analysis. Fuel 252:393–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.03.143
Kanca A (2020) Investigation on pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of low quality lignite, cotton waste, and their blends by TGA-FTIR. Fuel 263:116517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116517
Cai HM, Liu JY, Xie WM, Kuo JH, Buyukada M, Evrendilek F (2019) Pyrolytic kinetics, reaction mechanisms and products of waste tea via TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS. Energ Convers Manage 184:436–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.01.031
Tian LH, Shen BX, Xu H, Li FK, Wang YY, Singh S (2016) Thermal behavior of waste tea pyrolysis by TG-FTIR analysis. Energy 103:533–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.03.022
Fasina O, Littlefield B (2012) TG-FTIR analysis of pecan shells thermal decomposition. Fuel Process Technol 102:61–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.04.015
Zabeti M, Baltrusaitis J, Seshan K (2016) Chemical routes to hydrocarbons from pyrolysis of lignocellulose using Cs promoted amorphous silica alumina catalyst. Catal Taday 269:156–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2015.11.024
Wang JQ, Shen BX, Kang DR, Yuan P, Wu CF (2019) Investigate the interactions between biomass components during pyrolysis using in-situ DRIFTS and TGA. Chem Eng Sci 195:767–776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2018.10.023
Pang CH, Gaddipatti S, Tucker G, Lester E, Wu T (2014) Relationship between thermal behaviour of lignocellulosic components and properties of biomass. Bioresour Technol 172:312–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.042
Raveendran K, Ganesh A, Khilar K (1996) Pyrolysis characteristics of biomass and biomass components. Fuel 75:987–998. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(96)00030-0
Chen L, Yu ZS, Liang JY, Liao YF, Ma XQ (2018) Co-pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris and kitchen waste with different additives using TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS. Energ Convers Manage 177:582–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.10.010
Chen DY, Liu D, Zhang HR, Chen Y, Li Q (2015) Bamboo pyrolysis using TG–FTIR and a lab-scale reactor: analysis of pyrolysis behavior, product properties, and carbon and energy yields. Fuel 148:79–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.092
Fu P, Yi WM, Bai XY, Li ZH, Hu S, Xiang J (2011) Effect of temperature on gas composition and char structural features of pyrolyzed agricultural residues. Bioresour Technol 102:8211–8219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.083
Gao NB, Li AM, Quan C, Du L, Duan Y (2013) TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS analysis on pyrolysis and combustion of pine sawdust. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 100:26–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2012.11.009
Ong HC, Chen WH, Singh Y, Gan YY, Chen CY, Show PL (2020) A state-of-the-art review on thermochemical conversion of biomass for biofuel production: a TG-FTIR approach. Energ Convers Manage 209:112634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112634
Ubando AT, Chen WH, Ong HC (2019) Iron oxide reduction by graphite and torrefied biomass analyzed by TG-FTIR for mitigating CO2 emissions. Energy 180:967–977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.149
Hosoya T, Kawamoto H, Saka S (2007) Cellulose–hemicellulose and cellulose–lignin interactions in wood pyrolysis at gasification temperature. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 80:118–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2007.01.006
Zhou H, Long YQ, Meng AH, Chen S, Li QH, Zhang YG (2015) A novel method for kinetic analysis of pyrolysis of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin in TGA and macro-TGA. RSC Adv 5:26509–26516. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA02715B
Acknowledgements
Financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province China (LQ19B060009, LY19E060003) and Zhejiang Province Key R&D Program Projects of China (2019C02063) are gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
ESM 1
(DOCX 15856 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, W., Yang, F., Zhang, X. et al. Investigation of holocellulose-lignin interactions during pyrolysis of wood meal by TGA-FTIR. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 3731–3740 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01455-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01455-4