Abstract
A steel-ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) composite deck has good fatigue performance while the thin UHPC slab leaves a very limited space for the connector configuration. This is actually crucial to achieve the composite action. Current literatures concerning the short stud behavior are still limited for a general mechanism understanding. Therefore, a series of push-tests containing 15 specimens were conducted for investigating the mechanical behavior of short studs with various diameters and lengths in UHPC composite deck. And a parametric FEM analysis with nonlinear material constitutions was conducted as well for the bearing performance understanding. The push-out tests showed the shear fracture near stud roots is the leading dominant failure mode, and a longer stud length might introduce a higher percentage of stud shank bending deformation. It explained longer stud length could be helpful to improve the shear strength of stud in UHPC. Meanwhile, the shear stiffness of the push-out specimens were all increased with a larger stud diameter or length. On the other side, the analysis results showed that a pull-out failure could happen when the stud length was less than 25 mm in UHPC and the failure mode of stud could also be affected by the concrete strength. In addition to the tests and analysis, the safety redundancies of strength evaluations of short stud in UHPC based on several civil codes were discussed in terms of the comparison works.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cui C, Zhang QH, Luo Y, Hao H, Li J (2018) Fatigue reliability evaluation of deck-to-rib welded joints in OSD considering stochastic traffic load and welding residual stress. International Journal of Fatigue 111:151–160, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2018.02.021
Ding FX, Ying XY, Zhou LC, Yu ZW (2011) Unified calculation method and its application in determining the uniaxial mechanical properties of concrete. Frontiers of Architecture & Civil Engineering in China 5(3):381, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-011-0118-6
Eurocode 4 (2005) Design of composite concrete and steel structures. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium
Fryba L, Gajdos L (1999) Fatigue properties of orthotropic decks on railway bridges. Engineering Structures 21(7):639–652, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(98)00005-4
GB 50017 (2017) Code for design of steel structure. GB 50017, China National Standard, The Standards Press of China, Beijing, China
GB 50917 (2013) Code for design of steel and concrete composite bridges. GB 50917, China National Standard, The Standards Press of China, Beijing, China
GB/T 2975 (2018) Steel mechanical properties and process performance test sampling regulations. GB/T 2975, China National Standard, The Standards Press of China, Beijing, China
Ghalehnovi M, Karimipour A, de Brito J (2019) Influence of steel fibres on the flexural performance of reinforced concrete beams with lapspliced bars, Construction and Building Materials 229:116853, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116853
Ghalehnovi M, Karimipour A, de Brito J, Chaboki HR (2020) Crack width and propagation in recycled coarse aggregate concrete beams reinforced with steel fibres. Applied Sciences 10(21):7587, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217587
Karimipour A, Edalati M (2020) Shear and flexural performance of low, normal and high-strength concrete beams reinforced with longitudinal SMA, GFRP and steel rebars. Engineering Structures 221:111086, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111086
Karimipour A, Ghalehnovi M, de Brito J, Anvari A (2019) Improved bending behaviour of steel fibres recycled aggregate concrete beams with a concrete jacket. Magazine of Concrete Research 1–19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.19.00146
Kim J, Kwark J, Joh C, Yoo S, Lee K (2015) Headed stud shear connector for thin ultrahigh-performance concrete bridge deck. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 108:23–30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.02.001
Li M, Suzuki Y, Hashimoto K, Sugiura K (2017) Experimental study on fatigue resistance of rib-to-deck joint in orthotropic steel bridge deck. Journal of Bridge Engineering 23(2), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001175
Li L, Zheng WZ, Lu SS (2010) Experimental study on mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology 17(6):795–800
Liu YM, Zhang QH, Bao Y, Bu YZ (2019) Static and fatigue push-out tests of short headed shear studs embedded in Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC). Engineering Structures 182:29–38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.12.068
Rezaiee-Pajand M, Karimipour A, Abad JMN (2020) Crack spacing prediction of fibre-reinforced concrete beams with lap-spliced bars by machine learning models. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-020-00441-6
Saadeghvaziri MA, Hadidi R (2005) Transverse cracking of concrete bridge decks: Effects of design factor. Journal of Bridge Engineering 10(5):511–519, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2005)10:5(511)
Shao XD, Qu WT, Cao JH, Yao YL (2018) Static and fatigue properties of the steel-UHPC lightweight composite bridge deck with large U ribs. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 148:491–507, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.05.011
Wang JY, Guo JY, Jia LJ, Chen SM, Dong Y (2017) Push-out tests of demountable headed stud shear connectors in steel-UHPC composite structures. Composite Structures 170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.03.004
Wolchuk R (1992) Lessons from weld cracks in orthotropic deck on three european bridges. Journal of Structural Engineering 116(1):75–84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1990)116:1(75)
Xu C, Su Q, Masuya H (2017) Static and fatigue performance of stud shear connector in steel fiber reinforced concrete. Steel and Composite Structures 24:467–479, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2017.24.4.467
Zhang SH, Shao XD, Cao JH, Cui JF, Hu JH, Deng L (2016a) Fatigue performance of a lightweight composite bridge deck with open ribs. Journal of Bridge Engineering 21(7), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000905
Zhang SH, Shao XD, Huang XJ, Yang B (2016b) Static and fatigue behaviors of small stud shear connector for lightweight composite bridge deck. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development 33:111–119 (in Chinese)
Zhu ZW, Yuan T, Xiang Z, Huang Y (2018) Behavior and fatigue performance of details in an orthotropic steel bridge with UHPC-deck plate composite system under in-service traffic flows. Journal of Bridge Engineering 23(3), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001167
Acknowledgments
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51978501, No. 51478120) have supported this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhao, Q., Huang, G., Xu, C. et al. Push-Out Behavior of Short Headed Stud Connectors in Steel-Ultra High Performance Concrete Composite Deck. KSCE J Civ Eng 25, 2640–2650 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-1568-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-1568-6