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Fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal-decorated hydroxyapatite nanostructures using ultrasonication for biomedical applications

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Abstract

In this study, we have successfully synthesized cellulose nanocrystal/hydroxyapatite nanostructure (CN/HAP) hybrids using Phoenix dactylifera lignocellulosic biomass and eggshell as bio-precursors. CN/HAP nanohybrids were synthesized via ultrasonication. The prepared nanohybrids were characterized via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD and FTIR results indicate CN/HAP hybrid formation. TEM images displayed ~10 to 50 nm HAP nanoparticles decorated on 100 to 200 nm CN matrix. Cell viability assay and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining results revealed that CN/HAP nanohybrids do not alter cell viability and morphology, indicating that nanohybrids are non-toxic and biocompatible. CN/HAP nanohybrids increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium nodule formation with upregulation of osteogenic marker (BMP-2, BMP-4, ALP, and BGLAP) gene expression in hMSCs. Overall, the findings suggest that agro-waste-derived CN/HAP hybrids can be suitable for bone tissue engineering applications.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Plan of Science, Technology and Innovation (MAARIFAH), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Award Number : 15-NAN5012-02.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Jegan Athinarayanan, Vaiyapuri Subbarayan Periasamy & Ali A. Alshatwi

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  1. Jegan Athinarayanan
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  2. Vaiyapuri Subbarayan Periasamy
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  3. Ali A. Alshatwi
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Correspondence to Ali A. Alshatwi.

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Athinarayanan, J., Periasamy, V.S. & Alshatwi, A.A. Fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal-decorated hydroxyapatite nanostructures using ultrasonication for biomedical applications. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 5861–5874 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01481-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01481-2

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