Skip to content
Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter April 9, 2021

Kennings for ‘raven’ and ‘eagle’

  • Vivian Busch EMAIL logo

Abstract

This article provides an analysis of kennings for ‘raven’ and ‘eagle’, taking a closer look at the choice and meanings of base-words, their connection with determinants and the formation of kenning patterns. It investigates the role of kenning parts in establishing the meaning of the referent, also taking into consideration adjectives and adjectival elements of compounded base-words. The article is also a test case for how information can be drawn from a new kenning lexicon in form of an online-database. The database format offers various possibilities to structure the corpus of kennings, for instance allowing the article’s focus on details concerning the construction of kennings and the usage and combination of base-words and determinants.

References

AEW = Vries, Jan de 21962: Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Leiden.Search in Google Scholar

Boessneck, Joachim and Angela von den Driesch 1979: Eketorp: Befestigung und Siedlung auf Öland/Schweden. Die Fauna. Stockholm.Search in Google Scholar

Burrows, Hannah (ed.) 2017: “Anonymous, Gátur.” In: SkP III. 631–636.Search in Google Scholar

Carstens, Lydia 2018: “Land of the hawk: Old Norse literary sources about the knowledge and practice of falconry.” In: Gersmann, Karl-Heinz and Oliver Grimm (Hg.): Raptor and human – falconry and bird symbolism throughout the millennia on a global scale. Kiel/Hamburg. 799–826.Search in Google Scholar

Chase, Martin (ed.) 2007: “Einarr Skúlason, Geisli.” In: x1-17072-72SkP VII. 5–65.Search in Google Scholar

CVC = Cleasby, Richard et al. 21957: An Icelandic-English Dictionary. Oxford.Search in Google Scholar

Clunies Ross, Margaret (ed.) 2017a: “Þjóðólfr ór Hvini, Haustlǫng.” In: x1-17071-71SkP III. 431–463.Search in Google Scholar

Clunies Ross, Margaret (ed.) 2017b: “Ímsigull Skafnǫrtungsson, Lausavísa.” In: x1-17073-73SkP VIII. 249.Search in Google Scholar

Falk, Hjalmar 1924: Odensheite. Videnskapsselskapets skrifter. II. Hist.-filos. kl.10. Kristiania (Oslo).Search in Google Scholar

Faulkes, Anthony (trans.) 2005: Snorri Sturluson, Edda. Rpt. with new chronology and synopsis. London and Rutland, Vermont.Search in Google Scholar

SnE 1998 = Faulkes, Anthony (ed.) 1998: Snorri Sturluson, Edda: Skáldskaparmál. 2 vols. London.Search in Google Scholar

SnE 2005 = Faulkes, Anthony (ed.) 22005: Snorri Sturluson, Edda: Prologue and Gylfaginning. London.Search in Google Scholar

Finch, R. G. (ed.) 1965: The Saga of the Volsungs. London.Search in Google Scholar

FSN 3 = Rafn, Carl Christian (ed.) 1830: Fornaldar sögur nordrlanda 3. Copenhagen.Search in Google Scholar

Fulk, R. D. (ed.) 2012a: “Eyvindr skáldaspillir Finnsson, Hákonarmál.” In: x1-17069-69SkP I. 171–195.Search in Google Scholar

Fulk, R. D. (ed.) 2012b: “Sigvatr Þórðarson, Lausavísur.” In: x1-17069-69SkP I. 698–739.Search in Google Scholar

Fulk, R. D. (ed.) 2012c: “Þorbjǫrn hornklofi, Haraldskvæði (Hrafnsmál).” In: x1-17069-69SkP I. 91–117.Search in Google Scholar

Gade, Kari Ellen 1995: The Structure of Old Norse dróttkvætt Poetry. Islandica 49. Ithaca.10.7591/9781501732447Search in Google Scholar

Gade, Kari Ellen 2001: “The Dating and Attributions of Verses in the Skald Sagas.” In: Poole, Russell (ed.): Skaldsagas: Text, Vocation and Desire in the Icelandic Sagas of Poets. Berlin. 50–74.10.1515/9783110823547-003Search in Google Scholar

Gade, Kari Ellen (ed.) 2009a: “Einarr Skúlason, Haraldsdrápa II.” In: x1-17070-70SkP II. 544–548.Search in Google Scholar

Gade, Kari Ellen (ed.) 2009b: “Gizurr Þorvaldsson, Hákonardrápa.” In: x1-17070-70SkP II. 673–674.Search in Google Scholar

Gade, Kari Ellen (ed.) 2009c: “Grani skáld, Poem about Haraldr harðráði.” In: x1-17070-70SkP II. 296–299.Search in Google Scholar

Gade, Kari Ellen (ed.) 2009d: “Þorkell hamarskáld, Magnússdrápa.” In: x1-17070-70SkP II. 409–414.Search in Google Scholar

Gade, Kari Ellen (ed.) 2009e: “Þórarinn stuttfeldr, Stuttfeldardrápa.” In: x1-17070-70SkP II. 473–479.Search in Google Scholar

Gade, Kari Ellen (ed.) 2017a: “Einarr Skúlason, Øxarflokkr.” In: x1-17071-71SkP III, 140–151.Search in Google Scholar

Gade, Kari Ellen (ed.) 2017b: “Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill.” In: x1-17071-71SkP III. 1001–1093.Search in Google Scholar

Gade, Kari Ellen (ed.) 2017c: “Snorri Sturluson, Háttatal.” In: x1-17071-71SkP III. 1094–1210.Search in Google Scholar

Gering, Hugo (ed.) 1882: Islendzk æventyri: Isländische Legenden Novellen und Märchen 1. Halle.Search in Google Scholar

Gurevich, Elena (ed.) 2017a: “Anonymous Þulur, Fugla heiti.” In: x1-17071-71SkP III. 951–959.Search in Google Scholar

Gurevich, Elena (ed.). 2017b: “Anonymous Þulur, Hana heiti.” In: x1-17071-71SkP III. 947–949.Search in Google Scholar

Gurevich, Elena (ed.) 2017c: “Anonymous Þulur, Hrafns heiti.” In: x1-17071-71SkP III. 944–947.Search in Google Scholar

Gurevich, Elena (ed.) 2017d: “Anonymous Þulur, Introduction.” In x1-17071-71SkP III. 649–663.Search in Google Scholar

Gurevich, Elena (ed.) 2017e: “Anonymous Þulur, Óðins nǫfn.” In: x1-17071-71SkP III. 731–753.Search in Google Scholar

Gurevich, Elena (ed.) 2017f: “Anonymous Þulur, Sækonunga heiti.” In: x1-17071-71SkP III. 677–687.Search in Google Scholar

Heizmann, Wilhelm 2003: “Rabenvögel. § 1. Philologisches.” In: x1-17061-61RGA 24. 40–42.Search in Google Scholar

Heslop, Kate (ed.) 2012a: “Anonymous, Óláfs drápa Tryggvasonar.” In: x1-17069-69SkP I. 1031–1060.Search in Google Scholar

Heslop, Kate (ed.) 2012b: “Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld Óttarsson, Erfidrápa Óláfs Tryggvasonar.” In: x1-17069-69SkP I. 400–441.Search in Google Scholar

Heslop, Kate (ed.) 2017: “Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld Óttarsson, Hákonardrápa.” In: x1-17071-71SkP III. 212–225.Search in Google Scholar

ÍN = Jónsdóttir, Halldóra and Þórdís Úlfarsdóttir (ed.): Íslensk nútímamálorðabók. Reykjavík: Stofnun Árna Magnússonar í íslenskum fræðum. http://islenskordabok.arnastofnun.is/ [26.04.2019].Search in Google Scholar

ÍF 26 = Aðalbjarnarson, Bjarni (ed.) 1941: Heimskringla 1. Reykjavík.Search in Google Scholar

ÍO = Blöndal Magnússon, Ásgeir 1989: Íslensk orðsifjabók. Reykjavík.Search in Google Scholar

Jesch, Judith (ed.) 2012: “Sigvatr Þórðarson, Flokkr about Erlingr Skjálgsson.” In: x1-17069-69SkP I. 629–643.Search in Google Scholar

Jóhannesson, Alexander 1956: Isländisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Bern.Search in Google Scholar

Lethbridge, Emily (ed.) 2012: “Bjarni byskup Kolbeinsson, Jómsvíkingadrápa.” In: x1-17069-69SkP I. 954–997.Search in Google Scholar

LP = Jónsson, Finnur (ed.) 21931: Lexicon poeticum antiquæ linguæ septentrionalis: Ordbog over det norsk-islandske skjaldesprog oprindelig forfattet af Sveinbjörn Egilsson. Copenhagen.Search in Google Scholar

Marold, Edith 1983: Kenningkunst: Ein Beitrag zu einer Poetik der Skaldendichtung. Quellen und Forschungen zur Sprach- und Kulturgeschichte der germanischen Völker, new ser. 80. Berlin.10.1515/9783110858594Search in Google Scholar

Marold, Edith (ed.) 2012a: “Einarr skálaglamm Helgason, Vellekla.” In: x1-17069-69SkP I. 280–329.Search in Google Scholar

Marold, Edith (ed.) 2012b: “General Introduction: 5. The diction of skaldic poetry.” In: x1-17069-69SkP I. lxix–xc.Search in Google Scholar

Marold, Edith (ed.) 2012c: “Þjóðólfr ór Hvini, Ynglingatal.” In: x1-17069-69SkP I. 3–60.Search in Google Scholar

Marold, Edith (ed.) 2012d: “Þorbjǫrn hornklofi, Glymdrápa.” In: x1-17069-69SkP I. 73–91.Search in Google Scholar

Marold, Edith (ed.) 2017a: “Hofgarða-Refr Gestsson, Poem about Gizurr gullbrárskáld.” In: x1-17071-71SkP III. 254–258.Search in Google Scholar

Marold, Edith (ed.) 2017b: “Úlfr Uggason, Húsdrápa.” In: x1-17071-71SkP III. 402–424.Search in Google Scholar

McTurk, Rory (ed.) 2017: “Anonymous, Krákumál.” In: x1-17073-73SkP VIII. 706–777.Search in Google Scholar

Meissner, Rudolf 1921: Die Kenningar der Skalden: Ein Beitrag zur skaldischen Poetik. Rheinische Beiträge und Hülfsbücher zur germanischen Philologie und Volkskunde 1. Bonn/Leipzig.Search in Google Scholar

NK = Neckel, Gustav and Hans Kuhn (eds.) 51983: Edda: Die Lieder des Codex Regius nebst verwandten Denkmälern. Text. Heidelberg.Search in Google Scholar

ONP = Sigurðardóttir, Aldís et al. (eds.): Ordbog over det norrøne prosasprog. Copenhagen: Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics at the University of Copenhagen. http://onp.ku.dk/onp/onp.php? [26.04.2019].Search in Google Scholar

Poole, Russell (ed.) 2012a: “Anonymous, Liðsmannaflokkr.” In: x1-17069-69SkP I. 1014–1028.Search in Google Scholar

Poole, Russell (ed.) 2012b: “Sigvatr Þórðarson, Nesjavísur.” In: x1-17069-69SkP I. 556–578.Search in Google Scholar

Poole, Russell (ed.) 2012c: “Tindr Hallkelsson, Hákonardrápa.” In: x1-17069-69SkP I. 336–358.Search in Google Scholar

Poole, Russell (ed.) 2012d: “Torf-Einarr Rǫgnvaldsson, Lausavísur.” In: x1-17069-69SkP I. 129–138.Search in Google Scholar

RGA = Beck, Heinrich et al. (eds.) 1973–2008: Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde. 37 vols. Berlin.Search in Google Scholar

Reichstein, Hans 2006. “Vögel.” In: x1-17061-61RGA 32, 484–487.Search in Google Scholar

Reichstein, Hans and Harald Pieper 1986: Untersuchugen an Skelettresten von Vögeln aus Haithabu (Ausgrabung 1966–1969). Berichte über die Ausgrabungen in Haithabu 22. Neumünster.Search in Google Scholar

Rohrbach, Lena 2009: Der tierische Blick: Mensch-Tier-Relationen in der Sagaliteratur. Beiträge zur nordischen Philologie 43. Tübingen/Basel.Search in Google Scholar

Schulz, Katja 2004: Riesen: Von Wissenshütern und Wildnisbewohnern in Edda und Saga. Skandinavistische Arbeiten 20. Heidelberg.Search in Google Scholar

Skj A = Jónsson, Finnur (ed.) 1912–15: Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning. A: Tekst efter håndskrifterne. 2 vols. Copenhagen.Search in Google Scholar

Skj B = Jónsson, Finnur (ed.) 1912–15: Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning. B: Rettet tekst. 2 vols. Copenhagen.Search in Google Scholar

SkP = Various Eds: Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. Turnhout.Search in Google Scholar

SkP I = Whaley, Diana (ed.) 2012: Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Turnhout.Search in Google Scholar

SkP II = Gade, Kari Ellen (ed.) 2009: Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Turnhout.Search in Google Scholar

SkP III = Gade, Kari Ellen and Edith Marold (eds.) 2017: Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Turnhout.Search in Google Scholar

SkP VII = Clunies Ross, Margaret (ed.) 2007: Poetry on Christian Subjects. Turnhout.Search in Google Scholar

SkP VIII = Clunies Ross, Margaret (ed.) 2017: Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Turnhout.Search in Google Scholar

SkP-database = Wills, Tarrin (ed.): Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages: Database. https://skaldic.abdn.ac.uk/db.php?if=default&table=home&view= [26.04.2019].Search in Google Scholar

Whaley, Diana (ed.) 1998: The Poetry of Arnórr jarlaskáld: An Edition and Study. Westfield Publications in Medieval Studies 8. Turnhout.Search in Google Scholar

Whaley, Diana (ed.) 2009a: “Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, Hrynhenda, Magnússdrápa.” In: x1-17070-70SkP II. 185–186.Search in Google Scholar

Whaley, Diana (ed.) 2009b: “Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, Magnússdrápa.” In: x1-17070-70SkP II. 206–229.Search in Google Scholar

Whaley, Diana (ed.) 2009c: “Þjóðólfr Arnórsson, Sexstefja.” In: x1-17070-70SkP II. 108–147.Search in Google Scholar

Whaley, Diana (ed.) 2012: “Glúmr Geirason, Lausavísa.” In: x1-17069-69SkP I. 266–268.Search in Google Scholar

Zimmermann, Ute 2012: Kampf, Tod und die Erweckung des Helden. Zu den Walkürenvorstellungen in der mittelalterlichen skandinavischen Literatur. Schriften zur Mediävistik 20. Hamburg.Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2021-04-09
Published in Print: 2021-04-26

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 25.4.2024 from https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/ejss-2020-2027/html
Scroll to top button