Elsevier

Aquaculture Reports

Volume 20, July 2021, 100687
Aquaculture Reports

A SNP parentage assignment panel for the silver lipped pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima)

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100687Get rights and content
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Highlights

  • Development of a molecular marker (SNPs) panel for parentage assignment in the silver-lipped pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima).

  • Assessment of the efficiency of the panel using simulated individuals.

  • Pedigree reconstruction using the panel of 923 silver-lipped pearl oyster.

  • Use of the panel for routine genotyping, pedigree reconstruction and development of breeding programs.

Abstract

The silver-lipped pearl oyster, Pinctada maxima, is an important aquaculture species extensively farmed in tropical Australia and Southeast Asia to produce “South Sea” pearls. The pearling industry in Australia is in the process of implementing breeding programs targeting improved disease resistance, growth and pearl quality, and as a result genetic tools that can be readily implemented into breeding programs have been developed. However, to date there is no routine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) pedigree reconstruction tool publicly available.

In this study, we isolated and assessed a panel of 934 genome-wide DArTcap™ SNPs for their utility and discriminatory power in resolving pedigree relationships in P. maxima. The panel was assessed for its power to assign parentage through in silico simulations of 1,000 progeny in a mass-spawning scenario, based on genotypes of 100 broodstock (1:1 sex ratio) and allowing for random missing genotypes in individuals (0–40%). Assignment success was then assessed across various pedigree panel sizes (25–934 SNPs ranked from the highest minor allele frequency). Simulations showed that a SNP panel comprising 50 or more SNPs had high pedigree resolution and the power to correctly assign progeny to a parent-progeny trio with 95 % confidence. In the simulation examining the effect of missing genotypes on assignment success, even where 40 % of alleles were missing in individuals only 150 SNPs were required in the panel to accurately assign parentage. Progeny from a commercial hatchery mass spawn involving 184 candidate parents were also assigned to their parents using the SNP panel and identified 79 full-sib families and genetic contributions from 33 sires and 11 dams. A highly skewed representation of family distributions in the cohort was observed which highlights the challenge of using a mass-spawning approach to the capture and identification of genetic diversity in P. maxima breeding programs.

Keywords

Silver-lipped pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima)
Pedigree reconstruction
SNP panel
Breeding program

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