Abstract
The magnetic nitrogen-doped carbon (MNC) was prepared from polypyrrole by a simple high temperature calcination process in this paper. The structure and properties of MNC were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunner-Emmet-Teller, vibrating sample magnetometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The capacity of MNC to adsorb Cr(VI) and Pb(II) was evaluated. The effects of the initial pH, dosage, concentration and temperature on the adsorption capacity of MNC were measured. MNC had a large specific surface area and a special porous structure. Its nitrogen and carbon sources were rich, and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen was fixed. The maximum Cr(VI)-adsorption capacity and maximum Pb(II) adsorption capacity of MNC could reach 456.63 and 507.13 mg·g−1 at 318 K, respectively. The pseudo-second-order model was used to describe the adsorption kinetics of MNC, and the Freundlich model was employed to discuss its isotherms. The adsorption process was affected by the electrostatic force, the reducing reaction, pores and chelation. The results of this study suggest that MNC is a material with superior performance, and is very easily regenerated, reused, and separated in the adsorption process.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Naushad M, Ahamad T, Sharma G, Al-Muhtaseb A H, Albadarin A B, Alam M M, Alothman Z A, Alshehri S M, Ghfar A A. Synthesis and characterization of a new starch/SnO2 nanocomposite for efficient adsorption of toxic Hg2+ metal ion. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2016, 300: 306–316
Ranjan B, Pillai S, Permaul K, Singh S. Simultaneous removal of heavy metals and cyanate in a wastewater sample using immobilized cyanate hydratase on magnetic-multiwall carbon nanotubes. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2019, 363: 73–80
Sharafi K, Yunesian M, Mahvi A H, Pirsaheb M, Nazmara S, Nabizadeh N R. Advantages and disadvantages of different precooking and cooking methods in removal of essential and toxic metals from various rice types—human health risk assessment in Tehran households, Iran. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019, 175: 128–137
Pap S, Bezanovic V, Radonic J, Babic A, Saric S, Adamovic D, Turk S M. Synthesis of highly-efficient functionalized biochars from fruit industry waste biomass for the removal of chromium and lead. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2018, 268: 315–325
Li Z, Li L, Hu D, Gao C, Xiong J, Jiang H, Li W. Efficient removal of heavy metal ions and organic dyes with cucurbit [8] uril-functionalized chitosan. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2019, 539:400–413
Nayak V, Jyothi M S, Balakrishna R G, Padaki M, Deon S. Novel modified poly vinyl chloride blend membranes for removal of heavy metals from mixed ion feed sample. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017, 331: 289–299
Zhu C, Yun J, Wang Q, Yang G. Adsorption of ion pairs onto graphene flakes and impacts of counterions during the adsorption processes. Applied Surface Science, 2018, 435: 329–337
Xu Y, Guo W. Optimal water adsorption on phosphorene. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2018, 737: 365–371
Wang J, Zhuang S, Liu Y. Metal hexacyanoferrates-based adsorbents for cesium removal. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2018, 374: 430–438
Yi I G, Kang J K, Lee S C, Lee C G, Kim S B. Synthesis of an oxidized mesoporous carbon-based magnetic composite and its application for heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2019, 279: 45–52
Huong P T L, Huy L T, Lan H, Thang L H, An T T, Van Quy N, Tuan P A, Alonso J, Phan M H, Le A T. Magnetic iron oxide-carbon nanocomposites: impacts of carbon coating on the As(V) adsorption and inductive heating responses. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2018, 739: 139–148
Dong J, Lin Y, Zong H, Yang H. Hierarchical LiFe5O8@PPy core-shell nanocomposites as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Applied Surface Science, 2019, 470: 1043–1052
Zhu J, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Feng T, Wang J, Mao S, Xiong L. Porous and high electronic conductivity nitrogen-doped nano-sheet carbon derived from polypyrrole for high-power supercapacitors. Carbon, 2016, 107: 638–645
Wang E J, Sui Z Y, Sun Y N, Ma Z, Han B H. Effect of porosity parameters and surface chemistry on carbon dioxide adsorption in sulfur-doped porous carbons. Langmuir, 2018, 34(22): 6358–6366
Wang Z, Liu X, Lv M, Meng J. A new kind of mesoporous Fe7Co3/carbon nanocomposite and its application as magnetically separable adsorber. Materials Letters, 2010, 64(10): 1219–1221
Liu X, Liao Y, Gao H. Enhancement adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution on polypyrrole using ethylamine group. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2018, 39(10): 1394–1402
Zhan L, Chen H, Fang J, Wang S, Ding L X, Li Z, Ashman P J, Wang H. Coaxial Co3O4@polypyrrole core-shell nanowire arrays for high performance lithium ion batteries. Electrochimica Acta, 2016, 209: 192–200
Peng X, Zhang W, Gai L, Jiang H, Wang Y, Zhao L. Dedoped Fe3O4/PPy nanocomposite with high anti-interfering ability for effective separation of Ag(I) from mixed metal-ion solution. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015, 280: 197–205
Su F, Poh C K, Chen J S, Xu G, Wang D, Li Q, Lin J, Lou X W. Nitrogen-containing microporous carbon nanospheres with improved capacitive properties. Energy & Environmental Science, 2011, 4(3): 717–724
Wang T, Zhao P, Lu N, Chen H, Zhang C, Hou X. Facile fabrication of Fe3O4/MIL-101(Cr) for effective removal of acid red 1 and orange G from aqueous solution. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2016, 295: 403–413
Meng L Y, Park S J. Effect of ZnCl2 activation on CO2 adsorption of N-doped nanoporous carbons from polypyrrole. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2014, 218: 90–94
Ma X, Chai H, Cao Y, Xu J, Wang Y, Dong H, Jia D, Zhou W. An effective bifunctional electrocatalysts: controlled growth of CoFe alloy nanoparticles supported on N-doped carbon nanotubes. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2018, 514: 656–663
Yan W, Cao X, Ke K, Tian J, Jin C, Yang R. One-pot synthesis of monodispersed porous CoFe2O4 nanospheres on graphene as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. RSC Advances, 2016, 6(1): 307–313
Wang Y J, Wilkinson D P, Neburchilov V, Song C, Guest A, Zhang J. Ta and Nb co-doped TiO2 and its carbon-hybrid materials for supporting Pt-Pd alloy electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cell oxygen reduction reaction. Journal of Materials Chemistry. A, Materials for Energy and Sustainability, 2014, 2(32): 12681–12685
El-Sayed M, Nada A A. Polyethylenimine-functionalized amorphous carbon fabricated from oil palm leaves as a novel adsorbent for Cr(VI) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2017, 16: 296–308
Zhang S, Wang X, Li J, Wen T, Xu J, Wang X. Efficient removal of a typical dye and Cr(VI) reduction using N-doped magnetic porous carbon. RSC Advances, 2014, 4(108): 63110–63117
Mishra S, Verma N. Surface ion imprinting-mediated carbon nanofiber-grafted highly porous polymeric beads: synthesis and application towards selective removal of aqueous Pb(II). Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017, 313: 1142–1151
Gao H, Wang Y, Zheng L. Hydroxyl-functionalized ionic liquid-based cross-linked polymer as highly efficient adsorbent for anionic azo dyes removal. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2013, 234: 372–379
Fan J, Zhang J, Zhang C, Ren L, Shi Q. Adsorption of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol from aqueous solution onto activated carbon derived from loosestrife. Desalination, 2011, 267(2–3): 139–146
Elbana T A, Magdi Selim H, Akrami N, Newman A, Shaheen S M, Rinklebe J. Freundlich sorption parameters for cadmium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc for different soils: influence of kinetics. Geoderma, 2018, 324: 80–88
Liu D, Li Z, Li W, Zhong Z, Xu J, Ren J, Ma Z. Adsorption behavior of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution by soy protein hollow microspheres. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2013, 52(32): 11036–11044
Chigondo M, Paumo H K, Bhaumik M, Pillay K, Maity A. Magnetic arginine-functionalized polypyrrole with improved and selective chromium(VI) ions removal from water. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2019, 275: 778–791
Aigbe U O, Das R, Ho W H, Srinivasu V, Maity A. A novel method for removal of Cr(VI) using polypyrrole magnetic nanocomposite in the presence of unsteady magnetic fields. Separation and Purification Technology, 2018, 194: 377–387
Sánchez J, Espinosa C, Pooch F, Tenhu H, Pizarro G C, Oyarzún D P. Poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) for removing chromium(VI) through polymer-enhanced ultrafiltration technique. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 2018, 127: 67–73
Lin C, Luo W, Luo T, Zhou Q, Li H, Jing L. A study on adsorption of Cr(VI) by modified rice straw: characteristics, performances and mechanism. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, 196: 626–634
Karim M R, Aijaz M O, Alharth N H, Alharbi H F, Al-Mubaddel F S, Awual M R. Composite nanofibers membranes of poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan for selective lead(II) and cadmium(II) ions removal from wastewater. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019, 169: 479–486
Kim M Y, Lee T G. Removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions using functionalized cryogels. Chemosphere, 2019, 217: 423–429
Ahmad N, Sereshti H, Mousazadeh M, Rashidi Nodeh H, Kamboh M A, Mohamad S. New magnetic silica-based hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposite for the removal of lead(II) and nickel(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2019, 226: 73–81
Zhong G, Huang J, Yao Z, Luo B, Li K, Xu S, Fu X, Cao Y. Intrinsic acid resistance and high removal performance from the incorporation of nickel nanoparticles into nitrogen doped tubular carbons for environmental remediation. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2020, 566: 46–59
Huang J, Cao Y, Wen H, Zhang J, Wang H, Yu H, Peng F. Unraveling the intrinsic enhancement of fluorine doping in the dual-doped magnetic carbon adsorbent for the environmental remediation. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2019, 538: 327–339
Huang J, Cao Y, Qin B, Zhong G, Zhang J, Yu H, Wang H, Peng F. Highly efficient and acid-corrosion resistant nitrogen doped magnetic carbon nanotubes for the hexavalent chromium removal with subsequent reutilization. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019, 361: 547–558
Huang J, Li Y, Cao Y, Peng F, Cao Y, Shao Q, Liu H, Guo Z. Hexavalent chromium removal over magnetic carbon nanoadsorbents: synergistic effect of fluorine and nitrogen co-doping. Journal of Materials Chemistry. A, Materials for Energy and Sustainability, 2018, 6(27): 13062–13074
Cao Y, Huang J, Li Y, Qiu S, Liu J, Khasanov A, Khan M A, Young D P, Peng F, Cao D, Peng X, Hong K, Guo Z. One-pot melamine derived nitrogen doped magnetic carbon nanoadsorbents with enhanced chromium removal. Carbon, 2016, 109: 640–649
Huang J, Cao Y, Shao Q, Peng X, Guo Z. Magnetic nanocarbon adsorbents with enhanced hexavalent chromium removal: morphology dependence of fibrillar vs particulate structures. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2017, 56(38): 10689–10701
Liu L, Liu X, Wang D, Lin H, Huang L. Removal and reduction of Cr(VI) in simulated wastewater using magnetic biochar prepared by co-pyrolysis of nano-zero-valent iron and sewage sludge. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 257: 120562
Chatterjee S, Mahanty S, Das P, Chaudhuri P, Das S. Biofabrication of iron oxide nanoparticles using manglicolous fungus Aspergillus niger BSC-1 and removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020, 385: 123790
Wang Y, Huang L, Wang Z, Wang L, Han Y, Liu X, Ma T. Application of polypyrrole flexible electrode for electrokinetic remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil in a main-auxiliary electrode system. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019, 373: 131–139
Zhang L, Niu W, Sun J, Zhou Q. Efficient removal of Cr(VI) from water by the uniform fiber ball loaded with polypyrrole: static adsorption, dynamic adsorption and mechanism studies. Chemosphere, 2020, 248: 126102
Chen W, Lu Z, Xiao B, Gu P, Yao W, Xing J, Asiri A M, Alamry K A, Wang X, Wang S. Enhanced removal of lead ions from aqueous solution by iron oxide nanomaterials with cobalt and nickel doping. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019, 211: 1250–1258
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the Applied Basic Research Programs of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province (Grant No. 2018JY0115), the Application Technology Research and Development Special Project of Nanchong, China (Grant No. 18YFZJ0035), the Meritocracy Research Funds of China West Normal University (Grant Nos. 17YC013 and 17YC139).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Electronic Supplementary Material
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, W., Liu, X., Chang, J. et al. Efficient removal of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution by magnetic nitrogen-doped carbon. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng. 15, 1185–1196 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-020-2032-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-020-2032-8