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A new insight into the structural modulation of graphene oxide upon chemical reduction probed by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction

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Abstract

Lately, Raman spectroscopy has become powerful tool for quality assessment of graphene analogues with identification of intensity ratio of Raman active D-band and G-band (ID/IG ratio) as a vital parameter for quantification of defects. However, during chemical reduction of graphitic oxide (GrO) to reduced GrO (RGrO), the increased ID/IG ratio is often wrongly recognized as defect augmentation, with “formation of more numerous yet smaller size sp2 domains” as its explanation. Herein, by giving due attention to normalized peak height, full-width half-maxima and integrated peak area of Raman D- and G-bands, and compliment the findings by XRD data, we have shown that in-plane size of sp2 domains actually increases upon chemical reduction. Particularly, contrary to increased ID/IG ratio, the calculated decrease in integrated peak area ratio (AD/AG ratio) in conjunction with narrowing of D-band and broadening of G-band, evinced the decrease in in-plane defects. Finally, as duly supported by reduction induced broadening of interlayer-spacing characteristic XRD peak and narrowing of ~ 43° centered XRD hump, we have also shown that the sp2 domains actually expands in size and the observed increase in ID/IG ratio is indeed due to increase in across-plane defects, formed via along-the-layer slicing of graphitic domains.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Director, CSIR-National Physical laboratory, New Delhi, for providing necessary research facilities. Authors are also thankful to Dr. Kumar, Delhi University for Raman Data and Dr. N Vijayan, NPL for XRD patterns. R.S. and N. C. gratefully acknowledge the UGC for JRF fellowships. The work is partially supported by the DST-Young Scientist Fast Track Proposal (GAP141232) and the CSIR-Young Scientist Research Grant (OLP152832).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Conjugated Polymers and Graphene Technology Lab., CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Neakanshika Chadha, Rahul Sharma & Parveen Saini

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India

    Neakanshika Chadha, Rahul Sharma & Parveen Saini

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  1. Neakanshika Chadha
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Chadha, N., Sharma, R. & Saini, P. A new insight into the structural modulation of graphene oxide upon chemical reduction probed by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Carbon Lett. 31, 1125–1131 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-021-00234-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-021-00234-5

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