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Bark beetles on pine logs: forecasting winter colonisation dynamics based on trap catches and temperature records

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Abstract

Seasonality influences the abundance and activity of forest insects. Harvesting during periods of reduced activity could minimise colonisation risk on logs and reduce the need for phytosanitary treatments. We describe the winter colonisation dynamics of Pinus radiata logs in operational harvest sites in New Zealand and assess the probability of log colonisation as a function of captures in flight interception traps. After 15 days, 3% and 1% of logs were colonised by Hylastes ater and Hylurgus ligniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytinae), respectively, and 1% by Xenocnema spinipes (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The same three species were captured in traps. Our observations showed that logs exposed for ≥ 2 weeks are predicted to have a more than 1% probability of bark beetle colonisation, whereas logs removed from forests within 24 or 48 h had predicted colonisation rates of 0.13% and 0.26%, respectively. A positive relationship between trap capture and log colonisation was also observed. Average catches of < 1 bark beetle per trap, three bark beetles per trap or ten bark beetles per trap equated to estimated log colonisation rates of < 10%, 14–98% or > 98% log colonisation. A positive relationship was also shown between log colonisation rates and temperature. A 12.3 °C temperature threshold predicted colonisation rates of 5, 50 and 95% with thermal sums of 10, 20 and 30 degree-hours, respectively. Models based on exposure time, trap catches, or environmental factors can estimate seasonal probability of insect colonisation, which aids identification of periods of low pest pressure when treatments could be avoided or reduced.

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Availability of data and material

The data generated or analysed during this study are included in summarised form in this published article and its supplementary information files. The completed datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability

The R code used for analyses and to generate some of the figures presented in this published article and its supplementary information files is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the help of participating forestry companies, Timberlands Ltd (Ian Hinton, Marika Fritzsche, Sheridan Ashford) and Hancock Forest Management Ltd (Dave Lowry, Ray Hook, Geoff Parsons) for facilitating access to study sites. The authors thank Belinda Gresham for insect identification, Liam Wright, Matthew Gare, Pauline Romeyer, Mitchell Murray, Toby Stovold, Kane Fleet and Mark Miller (Scion) for helping with field work, Linda Frew, Vicky Hodder, Debra Bly and Jessica Kerr (Scion) for their support in organising legal and health and safety documents and inductions, Phil Collins (Hancock) and Christian Pilaar (Integral Ltd) and Duncan Harrison (Scion) for providing and preprocessing the GIS data. The authors also thank Jack Armstrong (Quarantine Scientific Ltd) for independent advice on the work plan and Eckehard Brockerhoff and Stephanie Sopow (Scion) for support with manuscript development and editing.

Funding

The research was funded by the New Zealand Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment (CXO41204) and Stakeholder in Methyl Bromide Reduction Inc.

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  1. Stephen M. Pawson

    Present address: School of Forestry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

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  1. Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute), 49 Sala Street, Rotorua, 3010, New Zealand

    Nicolas Meurisse & Chanatda Somchit

  2. Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute), 10 Kyle Street, Riccarton, Christchurch, 8440, New Zealand

    Stephen M. Pawson

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Meurisse, N., Pawson, S.M. & Somchit, C. Bark beetles on pine logs: forecasting winter colonisation dynamics based on trap catches and temperature records. J Pest Sci 94, 1357–1373 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-021-01361-8

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