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Source apportionment and health risks assessment of black carbon Aerosols in an urban atmosphere in East India

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Abstract

Black carbon (BC) along with PM2.5 (fine particular matters) plays an important role in the assessment health effect of human beings. Winter season campaign measurements carried out for BC concentrations by using 7 different wavelengths such as 370, 470, 520, 590, 660, 880, and 950 nm, handy aethalometer (AE-33, Magee Scientific, USA), at two different locations i.e., National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur (NIT J) and Sakchi, Jamshedpur (SAK J), in eastern India. During the study period, the mass concentration of BC varies from 4.19 µgm−3 to 15.36 µgm−3, with an average mean of 8.88 ± 2.40 µgm−3 in NIT J and SAK J, the mass concentration of BC varies from 6.3 µgm−3 to 13.48 µgm−3, with an average mean of 10.29 ± 1.58 µgm−3. However, the concentration of PM2.5 varies from 102.98 µgm−3to 198.21 µgm−3, with an average mean of 155.82 ± 29.98 µgm−3 in NIT J and SAK J, the concentration of PM2.5 varies from 110.83 µgm−3 to 207.65 µgm−3, with an average mean of 169.14 ± 22.40 µgm−3. It was reported that SAK J has a higher BC concentration compared to NIT J. This was due to heavy traffic load and dense population in SAK J. Backward Trajectories were seen that the airborne particulate matter came from differerajeshnt directions. According to the diagnostic ratio analysis of BC, it was observed that most of the BC mass concentrations come from fossil-fuel (69.70%) followed by wood-burning (30.30%) in a particular place. The overall health risk assessment of BC concentration observed during the study period was 26.70, 13.95, 24.95 and 51.32 at NIT J as well as 32.07, 16.72, 29.95 and 61.87 at SAK J, the passive cigarettes comparable concerning the risk of CVM, LC, LBW, and PLEDSC, respectively.

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Acknowledgments

The research was financially supported by the Science & Engineering Research Board, Department of Science & Technology, (SERB- DST) Government of India, Sanction Order No ECR/2017/000597. The author also thanks daily mean temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity data is used in the study are reported from https://www.worldweatheronline.com. The Meteorological Data Explorer developed by the Centre for Global Environmental Research (CGER), Japan (METEX, http://db.cger.nies.go.jp/metex/trajectory.html) and for the provision of trajectories used in the publication. Also, thanks to NASA FIRMS (Fire Information For Resource Management System) Fire Archive for fire count data by MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) C6.

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    Balram Ambade & Tapan Kumar Sankar

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Ambade, B., Sankar, T.K. Source apportionment and health risks assessment of black carbon Aerosols in an urban atmosphere in East India. J Atmos Chem 78, 177–191 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-021-09418-9

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