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Structural and geochronological constraints on the magmatic and tectonic events in the pre-Alpine basement of the central parts of the Balkan fold–thrust belt (Central Stara Planina Mountains, Bulgaria)

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Abstract

The north-vergent Balkan fold–thrust belt of the Balkanide orogen, extending from northeast Serbia to the Black Sea region, was formed during at least two Alpine compressional events. However, remnants of the Variscan orogen are still preserved in its western and central parts. In the central part (Central Stara Planina Mountains), two pre-Permian metamorphic complexes of contrasting metamorphic degrees, the low-grade Stara Planina and high-grade Sredna Gora complexes, are juxtaposed along a major Variscan tectonic zone and intruded by voluminous granitoids of previously unknown age. Here, we present an extensive structural and U–Pb (TIMS and LA-ICP-MS) geochronological analysis, constraining several magmatic and tectonic events in the pre-Alpine evolution of the area. For the first time, early Cambrian magmatism (531.7 ± 1.5 Ma/519.4 ± 2 Ma) is reported from a granite intruding the low-grade Stara Planina complex. The juxtaposition of the metamorphic complexes before 314 Ma was followed by a transpressional stage between 313 and 306 Ma. The last Variscan penetrative ductile deformation was associated with the final emplacement stages of the Ambaritsa sheet-like pluton at about 306 Ma under still ongoing compression. In addition, at least two post-Variscan magmatic pulses of granitoid magmatism (at ca. 306–304 Ma and 250 Ma) have been distinguished in the studied area. Later, Alpine ductile to brittle deformational events led to an additional reworking of the Variscan edifice.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Bulgarian National Science Fund Grants (VU-13/06, DMU 03/41, DN 04/9) and Sofia University Science Fund Grant (180/2009). We are very grateful to Dimo Dimov, Dian Vangelov, Kamen Bonev, Neven Georgiev, Yavor Stefanov and Nikolay Gospodinov for their help during the field work as well as for the fruitful discussions on the tectonic evolution of the Balkan fold–thrust belt. We appreciate the work of the topic editor and constructive reviews of Albrecht von Quadt and Radoslav Nakov, which helped to improve the manuscript. We are also grateful to Branimir Segvic from Texas Tech University who helped us to improve the English. The anonymous reviewer from the Editorial Board of the International Journal of Earth Sciences is gratefully acknowledged for his remarks concerning the structural evolution that helped us to improve significantly the paper.

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  1. Faculty of Geology and Geography, St. Kliment Ohridski University, Sofia, 1504, Bulgaria

    Eleonora Balkanska & Ianko Gerdjikov

  2. Geological Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria

    Stoyan Georgiev & Anna Lazarova

  3. Department of Geosciences, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Wolfgang Dörr

  4. Department of Environmental Sciences, Basel University, 4056, Basel, Switzerland

    Alexandre Kounov

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  1. Eleonora Balkanska
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Balkanska, E., Gerdjikov, I., Georgiev, S. et al. Structural and geochronological constraints on the magmatic and tectonic events in the pre-Alpine basement of the central parts of the Balkan fold–thrust belt (Central Stara Planina Mountains, Bulgaria). Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 110, 1181–1211 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-021-02011-1

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