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Anthropogenic edges impact howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) feeding behaviour in a Costa Rican rainforest

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Abstract

Anthropogenic forest fragmentation impacts many aspects of animal behaviour, including feeding ecology. With forests increasingly fragmented in tropical regions due to human development, the proportion of forest edge (≤ 100 m from clear-cut regions) is higher relative to forest interior. Forest edges differ in vegetation from interior, making it important to better understand how anthropogenic edges impact the feeding behaviour of primates such as mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata). We predicted that howler monkeys would feed on higher-quality plant resources, from a larger number of tree families, and from larger trees in forest interior compared to anthropogenic forest edge. We surveyed howler monkey feeding behaviour across forest zones in a fragmented rainforest in Costa Rica, La Suerte Biological Research Station. We observed individual monkeys for 30-minute periods, collecting data on their feeding behaviour and tree use at 2-minute intervals. We measured feeding trees and recorded the plant parts and taxonomy of resources consumed. Monkeys consumed more leaves and fewer stems and fed from a smaller number of tree families in the forest interior, while they consumed fewer leaves and more stems and fed from a larger number of tree families in the forest edge. Monkeys also fed from larger, taller trees in the forest interior than the edge. The differences in howler monkey feeding behaviour between forest zones attest to the impact of human disturbance on howler monkey feeding ecology.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Renee Molina and the Maderas Rainforest Conservancy for their support and facilitation of our research at the La Suerte Biological Research Station, Costa Rica. We thank Madison Azzara, Tamara Britton, Anna Carter, Elizabeth Coggeshall, Sarah Damron, Christina Doelling, Madison Grant, Dylan Green, Lili Hagg, Noah Harnacke, Margaux Hingey, Stacy Hill, Zachary Jacobson, Ashley Jeltz, Kenyah Lawler, Alyssa MacAusland, Carrie Merrigan-Johnson, Jenna Owens, Jesse Rosso, Renate Schlaht, Zachary Schmidt, and Elizabeth Sheehan for field assistance. We are grateful to Ryan Janzen, Aspen Russell, and Michael Ennis for project support and thank Spencer Russell and Eugenia Tsao for technological assistance. Finally, we thank the editor-in-chief, associate editor, and reviewers for helpful comments which have improved this paper. Our research was supported by a University Research and Scholarship Council (URSC) Faculty Research and Scholarship Grant (Regis University), a Cosmos Scholar Award (Cosmos Club Foundation), an Explorer’s Club Exploration and Field Research Grant, and the American University Mellon Fund for Graduate Student Research.

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  1. Department of Anthropology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada

    Laura M. Bolt

  2. Department of Biology, Regis University, Denver, CO, 80221, USA

    Amy L. Schreier

  3. Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC, 20016, USA

    Dorian G. Russell

  4. The Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, P.O. Box 55-7519, Miami, FL, 33255-7519, USA

    Laura M. Bolt, Dorian G. Russell & Amy L. Schreier

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Bolt, L.M., Russell, D.G. & Schreier, A.L. Anthropogenic edges impact howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) feeding behaviour in a Costa Rican rainforest. Primates 62, 647–657 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-021-00904-y

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