The effects of magnetic field intensity on the magnetic properties of Fe80Si9B11 amorphous alloys during magnetic annealing
Introduction
Soft magnetic amorphous alloys are widely used in the fields of power electronic devices such as transformers, memories, magnetic shields, and sensors [[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]], which have had a huge impact on human life. In the new era of rapid development, it is a necessary trend that the soft magnetic amorphous materials become lighter, stronger and more energy-saving [6]. This requires soft magnetic amorphous alloys to possess better magnetic properties such as high permeability,high saturation magnetisation, and low coercivity, etc. [[7], [8], [9]]. Fe–Si–B amorphous alloys have unique advantages in terms of high permeability,high saturation magnetisation, and low loss, and they are widely used in high-efficiency, energy-saving, miniaturisation and integration equipment [[10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15]].
Magnetic field annealing is a typical method to improve the soft magnetic performance of magnetic materials before industrial applications [[16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22]]. This method was applied in amorphous alloys as early as the 1970s [23,24]. However, magnetic field annealing usually leads to the destruction of the mechanical properties [25,26] which will cause magnetic leakage and short circuits. The effect of magnetic field annealing on amorphous alloys has been extensively studied. García-Prieto et al. [24] found that magnetic annealing induces macroscopic magnetic anisotropy and thus enhances the magnetic properties of amorphous alloys. Degro et al. [27] found that magnetic field annealing results in structural relaxation in the amorphous alloy which reduces the number of mobile defects and thus, improves the magnetic properties. Roman et al. [28] found that magnetic field annealing can form a certain number of movable atom pairs, and the magnetic domain structure becomes non-uniform. Li et al. [29] found that magnetic field annealing can improve the magnetic properties of amorphous alloys. This is attributed to the formation of nanocrystals and structural relaxation (release of internal stress and defects). In our recent research [30], we have studied the heat treatment of Fe80Si9B11 amorphous ribbons under 1 T magnetic field. It was found that the magnetic properties gradually improved with the increase of annealing temperature. When the annealing temperature was 653 K (close to the Curie temperature (TC)), the best magnetic properties of the alloy were obtained. The magnetic properties decreased when the annealing temperature was higher than TC. The reason may be that the alloy transforms from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic above TC.
During the magnetic annealing process, magnetic field intensity has a very important effect on the magnetic properties of the alloys [[27], [28], [29], [30], [31]]. Roman et al. [28] found that increasing the magnetic field intensity is beneficial to the soft magnetic properties of the amorphous alloys. When the magnetic field intensity increased from 8 kA/m to 160 kA/m, the Br and Hc of the Co71.5Fe2.5Mn2Mo1Si9B14 amorphous alloy decreased from 0.42 T to 4.8 A/m to 0.01 T and 1.6 A/m, respectively. However, Fan et al. [31] found that increasing the magnetic field intensity damages the magnetic properties of amorphous alloys. The magnetic permeability of the Co71Fe2Si14-xB9+xMn4 amorphous alloy gradually decreased with increasing the magnetic field intensity. Obviously, there is no unified understanding of the influence of magnetic field intensity on magnetic properties during the magnetic annealing process. In this paper, based on our previous research [30], we set a fixed annealing temperature (653 K), and the effects of the magnetic field intensity during the annealing process on the magnetic and mechanical properties were investigated for Fe80Si9B11 amorphous ribbons.
Section snippets
Experimental
The Fe80Si9B11 amorphous ribbons used in this experiment were prepared by Qingdao Yunlu Advanced Materials Technology Co., Ltd. The magnetic field annealing furnace (F800-35/EM7, East Changing Technologies, China) was used to conduct magnetic field heat treatment on the samples. For the treatment, the vacuum should be lower than 4 × 10−3 Pa and the longitudinal axis direction of the sample should be parallel to the direction of the magnetic field (i.e., longitudinal magnetic heat treatment).
Magnetic properties
Fig. 1 shows the relation between the magnetic induction at 1600 A/m (B1600), maximum permeability (μm), and coercivity (Hc) of the Fe80Si9B11 amorphous ribbons with the magnetic field annealing intensity. As a comparison, the values of the as-spun sample and the annealed sample without magnetic field (labelled as “653 K × 0 T”) are also shown in Fig. 1. The hysteresis loops and values of the soft magnetic properties are shown in Fig. S2 and Table S1, respectively. It can be seen that compared
Discussion
The results of this study show that the magnetic field intensity during the annealing process has a significant effect on the magnetic and mechanical properties of Fe80Si9B11 amorphous ribbons. The magnetic and mechanical properties of the 653 K × 2.5 × 10−4 T sample and the 653 K × 1 T sample are plotted as a bar chart in Fig. 5. For comparison, the values of the as-spun sample and the 653 K × 0 T sample are also plotted in Fig. 5.
Compared with the as-spun sample,the B1600, μm, Hc, Er and
Conclusions
The Fe80Si9B11 amorphous ribbons were annealed at 653 K with a magnetic field. The effects of the magnetic field intensity on the soft magnetic properties, mechanical properties, and microstructure of the alloy were studied. Three conclusions can be drawn:
- (1)
As the magnetic field intensity increases during the magnetic annealing process, the soft magnetic and mechanical properties of the Fe80Si9B11 alloy gradually improve.
- (2)
Applying a small magnetic field can make the magnetic and mechanical
Author statement
Yin Zhang: Formal analysis, Investigation, Conduct experiments, Writing- original draft. Yong Yang: Investigation, Data analysis, Conduct experiments. Zhongyuan Wu: Data management, Software, Results discussion. Xiaomeng Feng: Data management, Formal analysis, Validation. Chenxu Wang: Investigation, Conduct experiments. Shiyan Zhang: Provide sample and technical support. Xueling Hou: Methodology. Xiaohua Tan: Experimental design, Supervision, Results discussion. Hui Xu: Conceptualisation,
Declaration of competing interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51971125). The support is gratefully acknowledged.
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