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The Influence of Number of Generations on the Dynamics of Lime Leaf Miner Phyllonorycter issikii (Kumata, 1963) (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) in Udmurtia

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Abstract

The influence of the number of generations on the dynamics of lime leaf miner Phyllonorycter issikii (Kumata, 1963) was investigated for the first time on four sample plots in the city of Izhevsk (Udmurtia) within the period from 2001 to 2020. The existence of the second generation of the miner depends on the climatic features of the season. The second generation of the miner was observed under the condition that the first generation of the species managed to complete its development in the last ten days of June. If this happened in July, there was no second generation. The variability of phenology influences the dynamics of the invasive species. The density of miner population in limes grew in the current year if in the previous season there was only one generation of the miner. The figure fell if in the previous season there were two generations. The reduction of Ph. issikii density per year with two generations could have occurred owing to a decrease in life span and the actual fecundity of females, as well as the survival rate of the second generation of the miner. This led to a significant reduction in the number of wintering moths.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We express our gratitude to S.Yu. Sinev, S.V. Baryshnikova (Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences), and A.V. Selikhovkin (St. Petersburg State Forestry University) for supporting the work at different stages of its implementation. We thank N.V. Izhboldina and V.V. Kurbatov for help in collecting and processing part of the provided materials, as well as V.B. Golub (Voronezh State University) and A.V. Shavrin (Daugavpils University, Institute of Systematic Biology, Latvia) for help in identifying the miner predators.

Funding

The study was carried out within the basic part of the state assignment of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (grant 1.1.2404).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tobolsk Complex Scientific Station, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 626152, Tobolsk, Russia

    I. V. Ermolaev

  2. Udmurt State University, 426000, Izhevsk, Russia

    T. B. Domrachev

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  1. I. V. Ermolaev
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  2. T. B. Domrachev
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Correspondence to I. V. Ermolaev.

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Conflict of interest. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Statement on the welfare of animals. All experimental protocols were carried out in accordance with the EU guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals (86/609/CEE) and in compliance with the rules approved by the order of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences as of April 2, 1980, no. 12000-496 and the order of the USSR Ministry of Higher Education as of September 13, 1984, no. 22. Every effort was made to use only the minimum number of animals necessary to obtain reliable scientific evidence.

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Ermolaev, I.V., Domrachev, T.B. The Influence of Number of Generations on the Dynamics of Lime Leaf Miner Phyllonorycter issikii (Kumata, 1963) (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) in Udmurtia. Russ J Biol Invasions 12, 53–66 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075111721010057

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