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The Use of Standardized Intraoperative Language Tests in Awake Craniotomies: A Scoping Review

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Abstract

Assessment of speech and language functions is an essential part of awake craniotomies. Although standardized and validated tests have several advantages compared to homemade (or mixed) batteries, in the literature it is unclear how such tests are used or whether they are used at all. In this study, we performed a scoping review in order to locate standardized and validated intraoperative language tests. Our inquiry included two databases (PubMED and MEDLINE), gray literature, and snowball referencing. We discovered 87 studies reporting use of mixed batteries, which consist of homemade tasks and tests borrowed from other settings. The tests we found to meet the validation and standardization criteria we set were ultimately three (n = 3) and each one has its own advantages and disadvantages. We argue that tests with high sensitivity and specificity not only can lead to better outcomes postoperatively, but they can also help us to gain a better understanding of the neuroanatomy of language.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the reviewers and the editor for the constructive comments that helped us to expand our knowledge and make this article better. The present study is part of the doctoral research of the first author (C.P.) who is a Ph.D. student in the Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly and receives a scholarship from the Greek State Scholarships Foundation (IKY).

Funding

This research is co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund- ESF) through the Operational Programme «Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning» in the context of the project “Strengthening Human Resources Research Potential via Doctorate Research” (MIS-5000432), implemented by the State Scholarships Foundation (ΙΚΥ).

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Each author has made substantial contributions to the (1) design and data collection of this original manuscript, or to the acquisition, data analysis, or interpretation of data for this manuscript, (2) participated in drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content, (3) approved the final version to be published, and (4) agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

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Correspondence to Christos Papatzalas.

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Papatzalas, C., Fountas, K., Kapsalaki, E. et al. The Use of Standardized Intraoperative Language Tests in Awake Craniotomies: A Scoping Review. Neuropsychol Rev 32, 20–50 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-021-09492-6

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