Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Structural and mechanical properties of friction stir welded Al2O3 and SiC reinforced Al 7075 alloys

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Al 7075 of 4 mm thickness plates were welded by using ceramic particles of micron size. Different revolution speed, ranging from 1600 to 2000 RPM and transverse speed of 17 to 35 mm/min were applied. The sound weld is achieved at revolution speed of 1600 RPM and transverse speed of 17 mm/min. In this work, ceramic particles of Al2O3 and SiC were used to reduce the effect of the heat towards the base material during friction stir welding owing to their high friction coefficient and reasonable thermal conductivity and to enhance mechanical properties. Vickers microhardness test was performed on the plain, Al2O3, and SiC mixed Al 7075 welded samples. This test showed the welded joint by using Al2O3 and SiC have 10 to 12 % increase in hardness than that of the joint without using particles. Tensile strength of welded joints without ceramics particles showed improved results. Dispersion of ceramics particles was examined by metallurgical microscope. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and fracture analysis of the stir welded zone and base materials were observed. The structural-property relationship of plain, Al2O3, and SiC mixed Al 7075 welded samples was discussed systematically and found that improvement in hardness for Al2O3, and SiC mixed Al 7075 welded samples was due to the higher thermal conductivities of added ceramic particles and precipitation strengthening mechanism. While, reduction in tensile strength ascribed to the formation of intermetallic compounds.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

mm:

Millimeter

sec:

Second

rpm:

Revolution per minutes

Al2O3 :

Aluminum oxide

SiC:

Silicon carbide

References

  1. R. A. Malik et al., Enhanced electromechanical properties of (1-x) BiFeO3-BaTiO3-xLiNbO3 ceramics by quenching process, Ceram. Inter., 43 (2017) 198–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. F. Akram et al., Synthesis and electromechanical properties of LiTaO3-modified BiFeO3-BaTiO3 piezoceramics, Ceram. Inter., 43 (2017) 209–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. A. Ullah, C. W. Ahn, R. A. Malik and I. W. Kim, Dielectric and impedance spectroscopy of lead-free 0.99 [(Bi0.5 Na0.4K0.1) (Ti0.980Nb0.020) O3]-0.01 (Ba0.7Sr0.3) TiO3 ceramics, Physica B: Condensed Matter., 444 (2014) 27–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. M. Raza et al., Structural, fatigue behavior and mechanical properties of zirconium tungstate-reinforced casted A356 aluminum alloy, Metals., 10 (2020) 1492.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. T. Fukuda, Weldability of 7000 series aluminium alloy mterals, Weld. Int., 26(4) (2012) 256–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. S. Stano, T. Pfeifer and M. Różański, Modern technologies of welding aluminium and its alloys, Weld. Int., 28(2) (2014) 91–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. P. F. Mendez and T. W. Eagar, Penetration and defect for mation in high-current arc welding, Weld. J., 82(10) (2003) 296.

    Google Scholar 

  8. R. Nandan, T. DebRoy and H. Bhadeshia, Recent advances in friction-stir welding-process weldment structure and properties, Prog. Mater. Sci., 53(6) (2008) 980–1023.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. P. Threadgill, Terminology in friction stir welding, Sci. Tecnol., Weld. Join., 12(4) (2007) 357–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. R. Rai et al., Friction stir welding tools, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 16(4) (2011) 325–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. S. Zimmer et al., Experimental investigation of the influence of the FSW plunge processing parameters on the maximum generated force and torque, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Tech., 47(1–4) (2010) 201–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. S. P. Dwivedi, Effect of process parameters on tensile strength of friction stir welding A356/C355 aluminum alloys joint, J. Mech. Sci. Technol., 28(1) (2014) 285–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Y. G. Kim, J. S. Kim and I. J. Kim, Effect of process parameters on optimum welding condition of DP590 steel by friction stir welding, J. Mech. Sci. Technol., 28(12) (2014) 5143–5148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. S. A. Hussein and R. Izamshah, Generated forces and heat during the critical stages of friction stir welding and processing, J. Mech. Sci. Technol., 29(10) (2015) 4319–4328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. M. Nourani, A. S. Milani and S. Yannacopoulos, Taguchi optimization of process parameters in friction stir welding of 6061 aluminum alloy: a review and case study, Eng., 3(2) (2011) 144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. A. Lakshminarayanan and V. Balasubramanian, Process parameters optimization for friction stir welding of RDE-40 aluminium alloy using Taguchi technique, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 18(3) (2008) 548–554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. M. Koilraj et al., Friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys AA2219 to AA5083-Optimization of process parameters using Taguchi technique, Mater. & Des., 42 (2012) 1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. S. Emamian et al., Influences of tool pin profile on the friction stir welding of AA6061, ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci., 11 (2006) 12258–12261.

    Google Scholar 

  19. H. Badarinarayan Q. Yang and S. Zhu, Effect of tool geometry on static strength of friction stir spot-welded aluminum alloy, Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf., 49(2) (2009) 142–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. S. Hirasawa et al., Analysis of effect of tool geometry on plastic flow during friction stir spot welding using particle method, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 210(11) (2010) 1455–1463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. K. P. Mehta and V. J. Badheka, Effects of tool pin design on formation of defects in dissimilar friction stir welding, Proc. Technol., 23 (2016) 513–518.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. S. G. Nejad, M. Yektapour and A. Akbarifard, Friction stir welding of 2024 aluminum alloy: study of major parameters and threading feature on probe, J. Mech. Sci. Technol., 31(11) (2017) 5435–5445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. P. Prakash, R. S. Anand and S. K. Jha, Prediction of weld zone shape with effect of tool pin profile in friction stir welding process, J. Mech. Sci. Technol., 34(1) (2020) 279–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. M. S. Sidhu and S. S. Chatha, Friction stir welding-process and its variables: a review, Int. J. Emerging Technol. and Adv. Eng., 2(12) (2012) 275–279.

    Google Scholar 

  25. A. Esmaeili, M. B. Givi and H. Z. Rajani, A metallurgical and mechanical study on dissimilar friction stir welding of aluminum 1050 to brass (CuZn30), Mater. Sci. and Eng. A, 528(22–23) (2011) 7093–7102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. V. Badheka, An experimental investigation of temperature distribution and joint properties of Al 7075 T651 friction stir welded aluminium alloys, Proc. Technol., 23 (2016) 543–550.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. R. Iyer, R. Dhabale and V. Jatti, Welding of Al6061 and Al6082-Cu composite by friction stir processing, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 149 (2016) 012003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. P. Cavaliere et al., Friction stir welding of ceramic particle reinforced aluminium based metal matrix composites, Appl. Compos. Mater, 11(4) (2004) 247–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. M. Bahrami, M. F. Nikoo and M. K. B. Givi, Microstructural and mechanical behaviors of nano-SiC-reinforced AA7075-O FSW joints prepared through two passes, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 626 (2015) 220–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. R. Sathiskumar et al., Metallurgy of friction stir-processed Cu/B4C surface composite, Emerg. Mater. Res., 2(1) (2013) 27–31.

    Google Scholar 

  31. H. Rana, V. Badheka and A. Kumar, Fabrication of Al7075/B4C surface composite by novel friction stir processing (FSP) and investigation on wear properties, Proc. Technol., 23 (2016) 519–528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. M. A. Pasha et al., SiC and Al2O3 reinforced friction stir welded joint of aluminium alloy 6061, Strengthening and Joining by Plastic Deformation, Springer (2019) 163–182.

  33. M. A. Siddiqui et al., Friction stir welding as a joining process through modified conventional milling machine: a review, Int. J. Innov Res. Dev., 3(7) (2014) 149–153.

    Google Scholar 

  34. S. Kasman and S. Ozan, Effects of overlapping formed via pin-offsetting on friction stir weldability of AA7075-T651 aluminum alloy, J. Mech. Sci. Technol., 33(2) (2019) 819–828.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. H. J. Sohn, G. D. Haryadi and S. J. Kim, Statistical aspects of fatigue crack growth life of base metal, weld metal and heat affected zone in FSWed 7075-T651 aluminum alloy, J. Mecha. Sci. Technol., 28(10) (2014) 3957–3962.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. W. Zhang et al., Impacts of SiC on the microstructure and wear performances of (SiC-Al3Ti)/7075 composites, Emerg. Mater. Res., 9(3) (2020) 716–724.

    Google Scholar 

  37. H. K. Rafi et al., Microstructure and tensile properties of frition welded aluminum alloy AA7075-T6, Mater. & Des., (1980–2015), 31(5) (2010) 2375–2380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. E. B. Moustafa, A. Melaibari and M. Basha, Wear and microhardness behaviors of AA7075/SiC-BN hybrid nanocomposite surfaces fabricated by friction stir processing, Ceram. Int., 46(10) (2020) 16938–16943.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. P. Prakash, S. K. Jha and S. P. Lal, Effect of tool-pin profile on weld zone and mechanical properties in friction stir welding of aluminium alloy, Pertanika J. Sci. Technol., 26(2) (2018) 853–862.

    Google Scholar 

  40. H. Kumar and R. Venkata, Effect of tool pin profile on dissimilar frictione stir welding of aluminium alloy AA7075 T651 and AA6061 T6, Int. J. of Latest Trends Eng. Technol., 8(3) (2017) 121–126.

    Google Scholar 

  41. K. Elangovan, V. Balasubramanian and M. Valliappan, Effect of tool pin profile and tool rotational speed on mechanical properties of friction stir welded AA6061 aluminium alloy, Mater, Manuf. Process., 23(3) (2008) 251–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. M. Bahrami et al., On the role of pin geometry in microstructure and mechanical properties of AA7075/SiC nanocomposite fabricated by friction stir welding technique, Mater. & Des., 53 (2014) 519–527.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. A. Hamdollahzadeh et al., Microstructure evolutions and mechanical properties of nano-SiC-fortified AA7075 friction stir weldment: The role of second pass processing, J. Manuf. Process., 20 (2015) 367–373.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. M. Tabasi et al., Dissimilar friction stir welding of 7075 aluminum alloy to AZ31 magnesium alloy using SiC nanoparticles, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Tech., 86(1–4) (2016) 705–715.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This project was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University under the research project No. 2020/01/17063.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, 47050, Pakistan

    Jarair Shafique

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia

    Hussein Alrobei

  3. Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, 47050, Pakistan

    Aneela Wakeel, Rizwan Ahmed Malik & Azhar Hussain

  4. Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-Ro, Michuhol-Ku, Incheon, 22212, South Korea

    Jaehwan Kim & Muhammad Latif

Authors
  1. Jarair Shafique
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hussein Alrobei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Aneela Wakeel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rizwan Ahmed Malik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Azhar Hussain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Jaehwan Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Muhammad Latif
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hussein Alrobei.

Additional information

Recommended by Editor Chongdu Cho

Rizwan Ahmed Malik is currently working as an Assistant Professor in University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan. Previously, he worked as Research Professor at School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Republic of Korea. He also worked as a Postdoctoral researcher at School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Republic of Korea. He got his Ph.D. in Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering from Changwon National University, Republic of Korea and M.S. in Material Science and Engineering from University of Ulsan, Republic of Korea. He received his B.S. in Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of the Punjab, Pakistan. His principal field of interest is processing, characterization, and applications of functional materials for actuator, sensors and energy harvesting applications. He has published over 60 papers in peer-reviewed international journals with around 950 google scholar citations.

Hussein Alrobei received a M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering in 2014 from University of South Florida, United State. He received Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering at University of South Florida, United State from 2015–2018. Currently, he is working as an Assistant Professor in Mechanical Engineering Department, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia. His research interests include composite materials, mechanical, physical and photoelectrochemical properties of molybdenum disulfide alpha-hematite nanocomposite films.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shafique, J., Alrobei, H., Wakeel, A. et al. Structural and mechanical properties of friction stir welded Al2O3 and SiC reinforced Al 7075 alloys. J Mech Sci Technol 35, 1437–1444 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0309-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0309-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation