Abstract
A compound droplet deforming in a constricted tube widely appears in drug delivery and microfluidic devices. In such a constriction, an indentation can present at the trailing surface of the droplet. However, this aspect has not been fully investigated and understood so far. This study focuses on the effects of some dimensionless parameters on the negative curvature, i.e., indentation, at the trailing surface of a compound droplet moving through a constricted tube. The presence of the constriction at the middle of the tube length enhances the droplet indentation. Numerical results were obtained for the capillary number Ca (varied in range of 0.1–1.0), the inner-to-outer droplet radius ratio R21 (varied in range of 0.2–0.9), the droplet-to-tube radius ratio R10 (varied in range of 0.2–0.9), the inner-to-outer interfacial tension coefficient ratio σ21 (varied in range of 0.1–6.4), and the normalized depth of the constriction d/R (varied in range of 0.0–0.8). The results reveal that the most influencing factor is Ca, increasing its value leads to the increment of the maximum indentation at the trailing surface of the inner and outer droplets. The indentation is also increased with increasing the value of R10 and d/R. In contrast, increasing R21 results in a decrease in the indentation at the trailing surface of the outer droplet. When increasing σ21, the indentation at the trailing surface of the inner one is quickly suppressed, while the outer droplet is minorly affected. We also point out the patterns of the trailing surface of the inner and outer droplets and their transitions from one to the other patterns in the diagrams based on these parameters.
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Acknowledgments
This research is funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant number 107.03-2019.307. Binh D. Pham, VINIF.2020. TS.140 was funded by Vingroup Joint Stock Company and supported by the Domestic Master/PhD Scholarship Programme of Vingroup Innovation Foundation (VINIF), Vingroup Big Data Institute (VINBIGDATA).
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Hoe D. Nguyen is a Research Assistant in Vehicle and Energy Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Vietnam. He received his M.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia. His research interests include dynamics and control of systems, multiphase and free surface flows, heat transfer and numerical methods.
Truong V. Vu is a Lecturer in Vehicle and Energy Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Vietnam. He received his Ph.D. in Integrated Science and Engineering from Ritsumeikan University, Japan. His research interests include multiphase and free surface flows, phase change heat transfer and numerical methods.
Nang X. Ho is a Lecturer in Vehicle and Energy Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Vietnam. He received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam. His research interests include dynamics and control of systems, multiphase and free surface flows, internal combustion engines, automotive engineering, automotive mechatronics and numerical simulations.
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Nguyen, H.D., Vu, T.V., Nguyen, P.H. et al. Numerical study of the indentation formation of a compound droplet in a constriction. J Mech Sci Technol 35, 1515–1526 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0316-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0316-7