Abstract
The ECIS (Equations Couplées Itérations Séquentielles) code of Jacques Raynal continues to have an important role since its first version in the seventies. Its use to describe the elastic and inelastic scattering of light heavy ions at energies close to the Coulomb barrier is the first topic of this paper. Nuclear reactions with weakly bound stable and radioactive projectiles are described in the second topic, where the projectiles breakup is not taken into account in ECIS and a more recent formalism called Continuum Discretized Coupled Channels (CDCC) calculations is applied to them. The second topic also contains some results that were obtained at the Radioactive Ion Beams in Brasil (RIBRAS) facility, with a radioactive 2n-halo \(^6\)He beam on light, medium mass, and heavy targets.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability Statement
This manuscript has associated data in a data repository. [Authors’ comment: The data of 12C+24Mg (ref.6) are deposited at http://www-nds.iaea.org/EXFOR/D0421 and the data of 16O+28Si (ref.7), at http://www-nds.iaea.org/EXFOR/D0541002. The data of 16O+116Sn (ref.3) are not deposited, please contact the corresponding author in case of interest. The RIBRAS data of 6He+120Sn (ref.72,73,83) and 6He+58Ni (ref.92) are deposited at http://nrv.jinr.ru/nrv/webnrv/elastic_scattering/reactions.php.].
References
A. Baeza, B. Bilwes, R. Bilwes, J. Diaz, J.L. Ferrero, J. Raynal, Nucl. Phys. A 437, 93 (1985)
J. Raynal, Saclay Report No. DPh-T 69/42 (unpublished); and private communication (2019)
A. Lépine, C. Volant, M. Conjeaud, S. Harar, E.F. da Silveira, Nucl. Phys. A 289, 187 (1977)
J. Raynal, Phys. Rev. C 23, 2571 (1981)
N. Alamanos, Eur. Phys. J. A 56, 212 (2020)
W. Sciani, A. Lépine-Szily, R. Lichtenthäler F., P. Fachini et al., Nucl. Phys. A 620, 91 (1997)
J.M. Oliveira Jr., A. Lépine-Szily, A.C.C. Villari, R. Lichtenthäler et al., Phys. Rev. C 53, 2926 (1996)
A. Sethi, N.M. Hintz, D.N. Mihailidis, A.M. Mack et al., Phys. Rev. C 44, 700 (1991)
B. Bonin, N. Alamanos, B. Berthier, G. Bruge et al., Nucl. Phys. A 445, 381 (1985)
J. Barrette, N. Alamanos, F. Auger, B. Fernandez et al., Phys. Lett. B 209, 182 (1988)
S. Dubey, S. Mukherjee, D.C. Biswas, B.K. Nayak et al., Phys. Rev. C 89, 014610 (2014)
T. Motobayashi, Y. Ikeda, Y. Ando, K. Ieki et al., Phys. Lett. B 346, 9 (1995)
V. Chisté, A. Gillibert, A. Lépine-Szily, N. Alamanos et al., Phys. Lett. B 514, 233 (2001)
J. Raynal, Coupled channel calculations and computer code ECIS. United States: World Scientific Pub Co. (https://inis.iaea.org/search/search. aspx?orig underscore q=RN:23006204) (1989)
P.A. Moldauer, Phys. Rev. C 11, 426 (1975)
P.A. Moldauer, Nucl. Phys. A 344, 185 (1980)
H. Timmers, J.R. Leigh, M. Dasgupta, D.J. Hinde et al., Nucl. Phys. A 584, 190 (1995)
M. Trotta, J.L. Sida, N. Alamanos, A. Andreyev et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2342 (2000)
R. Raabe, J.L. Sida, J.L. Charvet, N. Alamanos et al., Nature 431, 823 (2004)
B.V. Carlson, Optical model calculations with the code ECIS95 (INIS-XA–858). Gandini, A. ed. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (2001)
P. Archier, C. De Saint Jean, G. Noguere, J. Tommasi, J. Kor. Phys. Soc. 59, 915 (2011)
A. Yu. Konobeyev, U. Fischer, S.P. Simakov, Nuc. Eng. Techn. 51, 170 (2019)
A. Lépine-Szily, W. Sciani, Y.K. Watari, W. Mittig et al., Phys. Lett. B 304, 45 (1993)
A. Lépine-Szily, M.S. Hussein, R. Lichtenthaler, J. Cseh, G. Lévai, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 3972 (1999)
Wagner Sciani, Yul Otani, Alinka Lépine-Szily et al., Phys. Rev. C 80, 034319 (2009)
J. Raynal, Report IAEA-SMR 9/8 (1988)
G.R. Satchler, Phys. Rep. 199, 147 (1991)
R. Lichtenthäler Jr., A. Lépine-Szily, A.C.C. Villari, W. Mittig et al., Phys. Rev. C 26, 2487 (1982)
L.F. Canto, R. Donangelo, M.S. Hussein, A. Lépine-Szily, Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 95 (1983)
R. Lichtenthäler Filho, A. Lépine-Szily, A.C.C. Villari, O. Portezan, Phys. Rev. C 39, 884 (1989)
A. Lépine-Szily, M.M. Obuti, R. Lichtenthäler Filho, J.M. Oliveira et al., Phys. Lett. B 243, 23 (1990)
A. Lépine-Szily, R. Lichtenthäler Filho, M.M. Obuti, J.M. Oliveira et al., Phys. Rev. C 40, 681 (1989)
D. Dehnhard, V. Shkolnik, M.A. Franey, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 1549 (1978)
P.D. Kunz, Dwuck4/Dwuck5 University of Colorado, Internal report 535-613 (2019)
R.M. DeVries, LOLA, a DWBA program, University of Rochester, unpublished (2019)
P.D. Kunz, E. Rost, The Distorted-Wave Born Approximation, in Computational Nuclear Physics 2. ed. by K. Langanke, J.A. Maruhn, S.E. Koonin (Springer, New York, NY, 1993)
M.H. Macfarlane, S.C. Pieper, Ptolemy: a program for heavy-ion direct-reaction calculations (ANL–76-11(Rev1)). United States (1978)
P.D. Kunz Chuck, A Coupled Channels Code, The Niels Bohr Institute Computer Program Library (1977)
I.J. Thompson, Coupled reaction channels calculations in nuclear physics. Comput. Phys. Rep. 7, 167 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-7977(88)90005-6
M. Assunção, R. Lichtenthäler, V. Guimarães, A. Lépine-Szily, G.F. Lima, A.M. Moro, Phys. Rev. C 70, 054601 (2004)
I. Tanihata, H. Hamagaki, O. Hashimoto, Y. Shida, N. Yoshikawa, K. Sugimoto, O. Yamakawa, T. Kobayashi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2676 (1985)
T. Kobayashi, O. Yamakawa, K. Sugimoto, T. Shimoda, N. Takahashi, I. Tanihata, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 2599 (1988)
G. Ryckewaert, J.M. Colson, M. Gaelens, M. Loiselet, N.Postiau, Nucl. Phys. A 701, 323c (2002)
Twinsol: A dual superconducting solenoid system for low-energy radioactive nuclear beam research AIP Conference Proceedings. University of Notre Dame, USA 392, 397 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.52712
N. Austern, Y. Iseri, M. Kamimura, M. Kawai, G. Rawitscher, M. Yahiro, Continuum discretized coupled-channels calculations for three-body models of deuteron-nucleus reactions. Phys. Rep. (Rev. Sect. Phys. Lett.) 154, 125 (1987)
Y. Hirabayashi, Y. Sakuragi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1892 (1992)
C. Samanta, Y. Sakuragi, M. Ito, M. Fujiwara, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 23, 1697 (1997)
N. Keeley, K. Rusek, Phys. Lett. B 375, 9 (1996)
C. Signorini, A. Edifizi, M. Mazzocco, M. Lunardon, D. Fabris, A. Vitturi, P. Scopel et al., Phys. Rev. C 67, 044607 (2003)
A. Pakou, N. Alamanos, N.M. Clarke, N.J. Davis et al., Phys. Lett. B 633, 691 (2006)
A. Pakou, N. Alamanos, A. Gillibert, M. Kokkoris et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 202701 (2003)
K. Zerva, A. Pakou, K. Rusek, N. Patronis et al., Phys. Rev. C 82, 044607 (2010)
E.A. Benjamim, A. Lépine-Szily, D.R. Mendes Junior, R. Lichtenthäler et al., Phys. Lett. B 647, 30 (2007)
A. Lépine-Szily, R. Lichtenthäler, V. Guimarães, Eur. Phys. J. 50, 128 (2014)
L.C. Chamon, B.V. Carlson, L.R. Gasques, D. Pereira et al., Phys. Rev. C 66, 014610 (2002)
N. Keeley, R. Raabe, N. Alamanos, J.L. Sida, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 59, 579 (2007)
V. Lapoux, N. Alamanos, F. Auger, V. Fekou-Youmbi, A. Gillibert, F. Marie, S. Ottini-Hustache, J.-L. Sida, Phys. Rev. C 66, 034608 (2002)
M. Takashina, S. Takagi, Y. Sakuragi, Y. Iseri, Phys. Rev. C 67, 037601 (2003)
M.E. Brandan, G.R. Satchler, Phys. Rep. 285, 143 (1997)
N. Keeley, N. Alamanos, K.W. Kemper, K. Rusek, Prog. Part. Nuc. Phys. 63, 396 (2009)
O.R. Kakuee, J. Rahighi, A.M. Sánchez-Benítez et al., Nucl. Phys. A 728, 339 (2003)
K. Rusek, N. Keeley, K.W. Kemper, R. Raabe, Phys. Rev. C 67, 041604 (2003)
K. Rusek, I. Martel, J. Gómez-Camacho, A.M. Moro, R. Raabe, Phys. Rev. C 72, 037603 (2005)
L. Acosta, A.M. Sanchez-Benitez, I. Martel et al., Phys. Rev. C 84, 044604 (2011)
A. di Pietro, G. Randisi, V. Scuderi, L. Acosta et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 022701 (2010)
M. Cubero, J.P. Fernández-García, M. Rodriguez-Gallardo, L. Acosta et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 262701 (2012)
V. Pesudo, M.J.G. Borge, A.M. Moro, J.A. Lay et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 152502 (2017)
F.F. Duan, Y.Y. Yang, K. Wang, A.M. Moro, V. Guimarães et al., Phys. Lett. B 811, 135942 (2020)
B.T. Kim, Phys. Lett. B 80, 353 (1979)
U. Arlt, R. Bass, V. Hartmann, R. Renfordt, K. Sapotta, P. Fröbrich, W. Schäfer, Phys. Rev. C 22(4), 1790 (1980)
E.F. Aguilera, J.J. Kolata, F.M. Nunes, F.D. Becchetti et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5058 (2000)
P.N. de Faria, R. Lichtenthäler, K.C.C. Pires, A.M. Moro, A. Lépine-Szily et al., Phys. Rev. C 82, 034602 (2010)
S. Appannababu, R. Lichtenthäler, M.A.G. Alvarez, M. Rodríguez-Gallardo, A. Lépine-Szily et al., Phys. Rev. C 99, 014601 (2019)
D. Escrig, A.M. Sanchez-Benitez, A.M. Moro, M.A.G. Alvarez, M.V. Andres et al., Nucl. Phys. A 792, 2 (2007)
J.P. Fernández García, M. Cubero, M. Rodríguez-Gallardo, L. Acosta et al., Phys. Rev. Lett 110, 142701 (2013)
V. Guimarães, J.J. Kolata, D. Peterson, P. Santi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 1862 (2000)
F.M. Nunes, I.J. Thompson, Phys. Rev. C 59, 2652 (1999)
T. Matsumoto, T. Egami, K. Ogata, Y. Iseri, M. Kamimura, M. Yahiro, Phys. Rev. C 73, 051602(R) (2006)
M. Rodríguez-Gallardo, J.M. Arias, J. Gómez-Camacho, R.C. Johnson, A.M. Moro, I.J. Thompson, J.A. Tostevin, Phys. Rev. C 77, 064609 (2008)
M. Rodríguez-Gallardo, J.M. Arias, J. Gómez-Camacho, A.M. Moro, I.J. Thompson, J.A. Tostevin, Phys. Rev. C 80, 051601(R) (2009)
R. Lichtenthäler, A. Lépine-Szily, V. Guimarães et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 25, 733 (2005)
R. Lichtenthäler, M.A.G. Alvarez, A. Lépine-Szily, S. Appannababu, K.C.C. Pires et al., Few-Body Syst. 57, 157 (2016)
P.N. de Faria, R. Lichtenthäler, K.C.C. Pires, A.M. Moro, A. Lépine-Szily et al., Phys. Rev. C 81, 044605 (2010)
K.C.C. Pires, R. Lichtenthäler, A. Lépine-Szily, V. Guimarães, P.N. de Faria et al., Phys. Rev. C 83, 064603 (2011)
K.C.C. Pires, R. Lichtenthäler, A. Lépine-Szily, V. Morcelle, Phys. Rev. C 90, 027605 (2014)
V. Morcelle, R. Lichtenthäler, A. Lépine-Szily, V. Guimarães, K.C.C. Pires et al., Phys. Rev. C 95, 014615 (2017)
V. Morcelle, R. Lichtenthäler, R. Linares, M.C. Morais, V. Guimarães et al., Phys. Rev. C 89, 044611 (2014)
P.R.S. Gomes, J. Lubian, I. Padron, R.M. Anjos, Phys. Rev. C 71, 017601 (2005)
J.M.B. Shorto, P.R.S. Gomes, J. Lubian, L.F. Canto et al., Phys. Lett. B 678, 77 (2009)
A.S. Freitas, L. Marques, X.X. Zhang, M.A. Luzio, P. Guillaumon, R. Pampa Condori, R. Lichtenthäler, Braz. J. Phys. 46, 120 (2016)
K.C.C. Pires, S. Appannababu, R. Lichtenthäler, O.C.B. Santos, Phys. Rev. C 98, 014614 (2018)
V. Morcelle, K.C.C. Pires, M. Rodríguez-Gallardo, R. Lichtenthäler, A. Lépine-Szily et al., Phys. Lett. B 732, 228 (2014)
J.P. Bychowski, P.A. DeYoung, B.B. Hilldore, J.D. Hinnefeld et al., Phys. Lett. B 596, 26 (2004)
D.M. Brink, Phys. Lett. 40B, 37 (1972)
Acknowledgements
We sincerely thank W. Seale for his very careful and judicious reading of the manuscript. This work has been partially supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq (Brazil) Grants no. 308935/2018-7, 301842/2019-1, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP (Brazil), contracts no. 2019/07767-1, 2019/02759-0, 2013/22100-7.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by Nicolas Alamanos
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lépine-Szily, A., Lichtenthäler, R. Coupled channels effects in heavy ion reactions. Eur. Phys. J. A 57, 99 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-021-00412-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-021-00412-z