Abstract
Anthropogenic impacts cause habitat losses and reduce biodiversity in marine coastal habitats. Coastal macroalgae beds and their associate invertebrates are highly susceptible to environmental contamination. This study evaluated the differences in diversity parameters of Sargassum-associated gastropod and amphipod assemblages in areas located at different distances from a pollution source in a semi-enclosed, highly impacted bay, with the concentration of heavy metals in benthic Sargassum spp. as a contamination parameter. The Sargassum collected from sites closer to the source of contamination had higher concentrations of Cu, Zn and Fe. Rarefaction curves demonstrated that gastropod assemblages had significantly lower species richness and diversity at sites closest to the pollution source and regression analysis showed that lower diversity indexes and lower abundance of the main species were correlated with higher levels of most heavy metal concentrations in Sargassum. Amphipod did not present a clear pattern of diversity differentiation, and no correlation of the most abundant species with metal concentrations, even though these animals are known to be sensitive to metal contamination. This study highlights the importance of simultaneously studying different taxonomic groups in order to better understand anthropogenic impacts in marine environments and shows that macroalgae-associated gastropod assemblages are a potential indicator of marine pollution in semi-enclosed areas.
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The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgments
We wish to thank CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) and FAEPEX (Fundo de Apoio ao Ensino, à Pesquisa e à Extensão) UNICAMP for financial support; the Clarimundo de Jesus Research Base (Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo), as well as all the technicians for their help and support during the collecting process; the Department of Soil Science (Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo) where metal quantifications were performed; A.L. Lorenço, V. Vicente and I. Capistrano for valuable help with material processing; members of the LICOMAR—Unicamp for their help during collections; P.V.F. Corrêa for designing the map; C.M. Cunha and L. Souza for their help during the identification process; and V. Vicente and H. Serrano for the help with figure editing.
Funding
This study was funded by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo—Fapesp -BIOTA Program (Project Biodiversidade Marinha Bêntica no Estado de São Paulo—Proc. 2017/16837-8 and Proc. 2018-10313-0). P.A.S. Longo and K.F.R. Mansur received scholarships from CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) to develop the Project, and F.P.P. Leite received financial support from FAEPEX (Fundo de Apoio ao Ensino, à Pesquisa e à Extensão, 2004/15 and 2136/15) and from CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, PQ 304980/2011-0).
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Longo, P.A.S., Mansur, K.F.R., Siqueira, S.G.L. et al. Sargassum-associated gastropod and amphipod assemblages in relation to metal pollution in a semi-enclosed bay. Aquat Ecol 55, 623–646 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-021-09851-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-021-09851-8