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State of the art methods for combined water and energy systems optimisation in Kraft pulp mills

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Abstract

This paper presents a state-of-the-art overview of water and energy optimisation methods with applications to Kraft pulp mills. The main conclusions are highlighted, and several research gaps are identified and proposed for future research. Kraft processes have the potential to be adapted to biorefineries for producing biofuels and other high-value products from wood biomass. Biorefineries enable opportunities to increase the revenue of the process, reduce fossil fuels usage and greenhouse gas emissions. However, to ensure an effective Kraft process transformation, the existing mill infrastructure needs to be consolidated. In this sense, the water system, the heat exchanger network and the utility system should all be optimised together. A series of systematic methods (process integration-conceptual and mathematical programming) have been identified in the literature, along with the results of several case studies that reduce water and energy consumption in Kraft processes. Initial studies in this field considered and solved separate water and energy integration problems, but recent works have been focused on the development of methods for combined water and energy integration and their application to various processes. Typical savings lead to freshwater consumption decreases between 20 and 80% and energy consumption reductions between 15 and 40%.

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Acknowledgment

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the programme for Scientific & Technological Cooperation between the Republic of Austria and Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research (BMBWF), the Austrian Agency for International Cooperation in Education and Research (OeAD), the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the Federal Ministry of Education and Science of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Project “MoBi-WaterHeat”, No: BIH 06/2019), and the Slovenian Research Agency (Research program P2-0032 and Project J7-1816). Also, the support from the internal call for financing/co-financing projects important for the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Project No: 01-6211-1-IV/19), including the programme for Scientific and Technological Cooperation between the Republic of Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period 2019-2020 (Project: “SISUMP”, No: 01-1282-1/20) is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Technology, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Elvis Ahmetović & Nidret Ibrić

  2. Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia

    Zdravko Kravanja

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Ignacio E. Grossmann

  4. CanmetENERGY, Natural Resources Canada, Varennes, QC, Canada

    Luciana E. Savulescu

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  1. Elvis Ahmetović
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  2. Zdravko Kravanja
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Correspondence to Elvis Ahmetović.

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Ahmetović, E., Kravanja, Z., Ibrić, N. et al. State of the art methods for combined water and energy systems optimisation in Kraft pulp mills. Optim Eng 22, 1831–1852 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11081-021-09612-4

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