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Rates of Cognitive and Functional Impairments in Older Adults Residing in a Continuing Care Senior Housing Community

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 March 2021

Ryan Van Patten Open the ORCID record for Ryan Van Patten [Opens in a new window] ,
Zanjbeel Mahmood ,
Tanya T. Nguyen ,
Jacqueline E. Maye ,
Ho-Cheol Kim ,
Dilip V. Jeste  and
Elizabeth W. Twamley
Ryan Van Patten
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA92093, USA Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093, USA Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr., San Diego, CA92161, USA
Zanjbeel Mahmood
Affiliation:
Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr., San Diego, CA92161, USA SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Ct, San Diego, CA, USA
Tanya T. Nguyen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA92093, USA Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093, USA Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr., San Diego, CA92161, USA
Jacqueline E. Maye
Affiliation:
Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr., San Diego, CA92161, USA
Ho-Cheol Kim
Affiliation:
Scalable Knowledge Intelligence, IBM Research – Almaden, San Jose, CA, USA
Dilip V. Jeste*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA92093, USA Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093, USA Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Elizabeth W. Twamley
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA92093, USA Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093, USA Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr., San Diego, CA92161, USA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr., San Diego, CA92161, USA
*
*Correspondence and reprint requests to: D.V. Jeste, Senior Associate Dean for Healthy Aging and Senior Care, Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Estelle and Edgar Levi Memorial Chair in Aging, Director, Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, Co-Director, IBM-UCSD Center on Artificial Intelligence for Healthy Living, University of California San Diego, Co-Director of IBM-UCSD Artificial Intelligence for Healthy Living Center, 9500 Gilman Drive #0664, La Jolla, CA92023-0664, USA. E-mail: djeste@ucsd.edu
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Abstract

Objective:

The current cross-sectional study examined cognition and performance-based functional abilities in a continuing care senior housing community (CCSHC) that is comparable to other CCSHCs in the US with respect to residents’ demographic characteristics.

Method:

Participants were 110 older adult residents of the independent living unit. We assessed sociodemographics, mental health, neurocognitive functioning, and functional capacity.

Results:

Compared to normative samples, participants performed at or above expectations in terms of premorbid functioning, attention span and working memory, processing speed, timed set-shifting, inhibitory control, and confrontation naming. They performed below expectation in verbal fluency and verbal and visual learning and memory, with impairment rates [31.4% (>1 SD below the mean) and 18.49% (>1.5 SD below the mean)] well above the general population (16% and 7%, respectively). Within the cognitive test battery, two tests of delayed memory were most predictive of a global deficit score. Most cognitive test scores correlated with performance-based functional capacity.

Conclusions:

Overall, results suggest that a subset of older adults in the independent living sector of CCSHCs are cognitively and functionally impaired and are at risk for future dementia. Results also argue for the inclusion of memory tests in abbreviated screening batteries in this population. We suggest that CCSHCs implement regular cognitive screening procedures to identify and triage those older adults who could benefit from interventions and, potentially, a transition to a higher level of care.

Keywords

NeuropsychologyAssessmentInstrumental activities of daily livingAgingAssisted livingIndependence
Type
Regular Research
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 28 , Issue 1 , January 2022 , pp. 62 - 73
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2021

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