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The electronic effect of quinoline moieties on the lability of platinum(II) complexes of tridentate N^N^N and N^C^N ligands: a kinetic, mechanistic and theoretical analysis

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Abstract

The rate of the chloride ligand displacement by three thiourea neutral nucleophiles (Nu) of different steric demands, namely thiourea (Tu), N,N’-dimethylthiourea (Dmtu) and N,N,N,’N-tetramethylthiourea (Tmtu) in the complex 2,6-bis(8-quinolyl)-pyridine chloroplatinum(II) (Pt3), was investigated under pseudo-first-order conditions as a function of concentration and temperature using UV–visible spectrophotometry and compared with the literature data of complexes: 2,6-bis(2-pyridyl)pyridine chloroplatinum(II) (Pt1), 1,3-bis(pyridyl)phenyl chloroplatinum(II) (Pt2) and 1,3-bis(8-quinolyl)phenyl chloroplatinum(II) (Pt4). The observed pseudo-first-order rate constants for substitution reactions obeyed the simple rate law \(k_{{{\text{obs}}}} = k_{2} \left[ {Nu} \right]\). The results demonstrated that the lability of the chloride ligand is dependent on the degree of synergy between electronic character and the planarity of architectural frame work of the ligands around the platinum centre. The second-order kinetics and large negative activation entropies (ΔS#) assert an associative mode of activation. DFT calculations were performed to support the interpretation and discussion of the experimental data.

Graphic abstract

The retardation in lability of quinoline systems; 2,6-bis(8-quinolyl)pyridine chloroplatinum(II) (Pt3) and 1,3-bis(8-quinolyl)phenyl chloroplatinum(II) (Pt4) is attributable to cis σ-donor effect and twisting of the quinoline rings that offsets the π-acceptor ability on the extended π-system. Conversely, high reactivity of pyridine systems; 2,6-bis(2-pyridyl)pyridine chloroplatinum(II) (Pt1) and 1,3-bis(pyridyl)phenyl chloroplatinum(II) (Pt2), is due to their rigid planar structure that facilitates effective π-acceptor ability.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are gratefully indebted to the University of KwaZulu-Natal and the National Research Foundation (NRF, South Africa) for bursary to I.M. Wekesa and financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Pwani University, Kilifi, 195-80108, Kenya

    Isaac Masika Wekesa

  2. School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa

    Isaac Masika Wekesa

  3. School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Mount Kenya University, Thika, 342-01000, Kenya

    Deogratius Jaganyi

  4. Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa

    Deogratius Jaganyi

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  1. Isaac Masika Wekesa
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  2. Deogratius Jaganyi
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Correspondence to Isaac Masika Wekesa.

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Support information (ESI) available. Selected mass and NMR spetra, wavelengths for kinetic measurements for complex Pt3. Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

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Wekesa, I.M., Jaganyi, D. The electronic effect of quinoline moieties on the lability of platinum(II) complexes of tridentate N^N^N and N^C^N ligands: a kinetic, mechanistic and theoretical analysis. Transit Met Chem 46, 363–371 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11243-021-00454-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11243-021-00454-8

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