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Target-site basis for fomesafen resistance in redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) from China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2021

Long Du Open the ORCID record for Long Du [Opens in a new window] ,
Xiao Li ,
Xiaojing Jiang ,
Qian Ju ,
Wenlei Guo ,
Lingxu Li ,
Chunjuan Qu  and
Mingjing Qu Open the ORCID record for Mingjing Qu [Opens in a new window]
Long Du
Affiliation:
Research Assistant, Pest Bio-control Laboratory, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
Xiao Li
Affiliation:
Research Assistant, Pest Bio-control Laboratory, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
Xiaojing Jiang
Affiliation:
Research Assistant, Pest Bio-control Laboratory, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
Qian Ju
Affiliation:
Research Assistant, Pest Bio-control Laboratory, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
Wenlei Guo
Affiliation:
Research Assistant, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, China
Lingxu Li
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
Chunjuan Qu*
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Pest Bio-control Laboratory, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
Mingjing Qu*
Affiliation:
Professor, Pest Bio-control Laboratory, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
*
Authors for correspondence: Mingjing Qu, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, No. 126, Wannianquan Road, Qingdao, China. Email: peanut205@163.com; Chunjuan Qu, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, No. 126, Wannianquan Road, Qingdao, China. Email: 2891240615@qq.com
Authors for correspondence: Mingjing Qu, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, No. 126, Wannianquan Road, Qingdao, China. Email: peanut205@163.com; Chunjuan Qu, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, No. 126, Wannianquan Road, Qingdao, China. Email: 2891240615@qq.com
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Abstract

Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) is a dominant weed in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] fields in Heilongjiang Province, China. High selective pressure caused by the extensive application of the protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicide fomesafen has caused A. retroflexus to evolve resistance to this herbicide. Two susceptible and two resistant populations (S1, S2, R1, and R2) were selected in this study to illustrate the target-site resistance mechanism in resistant A. retroflexus. Whole-plant bioassays indicated that R1 and R2 had evolved high-level resistance to fomesafen, with resistance factors of 27.0 to 27.9. Sequence alignment of the PPO gene showed an Arg-128-Gly substitution in PPX2. The basal expression differences of PPX1 and PPX2 between the S1 and R1 plants were essentially nonsignificant, whereas the basal expression of PPX2 in R2 plants was slightly lower than in S1 plants. Compared with the PPX1 gene, the PPX2 gene maintained higher expression in the resistant plants after treatment with fomesafen. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed a similar basal PPO content between the susceptible and resistant plants without treatment. After fomesafen treatment, the PPO content decreased sharply in the susceptible plants compared with the resistant plants. Furthermore, after 24 h of treatment, the resistant plants showed increased PPO content, whereas the susceptible plants had died. The PPO2 mutation resulted in high extractable PPO activity and low sensitivity to fomesafen along with changes in PPO enzyme kinetics. Although the mutant PPO2 exhibited increased Km values in the resistant plants, the Vmax values in these plants were also increased. Changes in the properties of the PPO enzyme due to an Arg-128-Gly substitution in PPX2, including changes in enzyme sensitivity and enzyme kinetics, are the target-site mechanism of resistance in A. retroflexus.

Keywords

Mutationprotoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)target-site resistance
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 69 , Issue 3 , May 2021 , pp. 290 - 299
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

*

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Associate Editor: Mithila Jugulam, Kansas State University

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