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On the Identity of Smicridea (Smicridea) aequalis Banks, 1920 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae): Morphology of Adults and Immature Stages, Bionomics, Distribution, and Male Color Dimorphism

  • Systematics, Morphology and Physiology
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Abstract

After 100 years of its description, the morphological circumscription of Smicridea aequalis Banks, 1920 is provided in this study by the integration of morphological characters of adult, pupal, and larval stages. This fact facilitates its recognition in faunal inventory studies and allows its use in biomonitoring programs, mainly in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes, two biodiversity hotspots where this species is widely distributed. Adults of S. aequalis may have diurnal activity as they are found frequently and abundantly on the riparian vegetation of fast-flowing streams and rivers during the day. The remarkable color dimorphism observed in males of this species was not reported previously for caddisflies.

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Acknowledgements

We thank all members of the Laboratório de Citotaxonomia e Insetos Aquáticos (LACIA) that contributed to the specimen collection and fieldwork support, specially to Jeferson Oliveira da Silva. GRD especially thanks Dr. Oliver S. Flint Jr. (Smithsonian Institution, NMNH, in memorian) both for helping to clarify the identity of S. aequalis, because the type was on loan to him from the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, and also by the encouragement to make this work. Special thanks also to Camila Aida Campos and Flávio Roque Bernades Camelo for their friendship and valuable field work assistance in parks of the Distrito Federal. Also, thanks to Dra. Beatriz Ronchi Teles (INPA) for allowing use of the laboratory infrastructure. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) for providing collecting permits. Invertebrate Collection of INPA allowed the use of photographic equipment. We are grateful to the editors, Dr. Eliana M. G. Fontes and André V. L. Freitas, for the assistance and we appreciate the very useful suggestions of an anonymous reviewer to improve the manuscript.

Funding

CNPq provided a doctoral fellowship for GRD (Process n. 141875/2018-442 6) and a research fellowship for NH (Process n. 307849/ 2014-7; 308970/ 2019-5). AMP received post-doctoral fellowships from PCI/DB (Process n. 301401/2019-5). VS and ESP received scientific initiation fellowships from CNPq (Process n. 01280.000400/2018-16; 01280.001044/2019-39) and FAPEAM (Process n. 01280.001045/2019-83), respectively. This work was supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) [Finance Code 001], Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM) – POSGRAD, and partially by the following projects: Sistemática integrada de insetos aquáticos, com ênfase em Simuliidae (Diptera) na América do Sul (MCTIC/ INPA), Insetos aquáticos fragmentadores e fungos associados: taxonomia, interação e potencial de uso biotecnológico–Edital BIONORTE, Insetos Aquáticos da América do Sul (CNPq) and CAPES/ Pro-equipamentos-DCEN.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Coordenação de Pós-Graduação, COPOG, Divisão do Curso em Entomologia, DiEnt, Lab de Citotaxonomia e Insetos Aquáticos, LACIA, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil

    Gleison Robson Desiderio, Ana Maria Pes & Neusa Hamada

  2. Programa de Iniciação Científica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil

    Vitória Santana & Erica Silva Pereira

Authors
  1. Gleison Robson Desiderio
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  2. Vitória Santana
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  3. Erica Silva Pereira
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  4. Ana Maria Pes
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  5. Neusa Hamada
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conceptualization and design. GRD and VS identified the specimens, produced the photographs, illustrations, and maps. The first draft of the manuscript was written by GRD, VS, ESP, AMP and NH; all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Gleison Robson Desiderio.

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Edited by André VL Freitas

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Desiderio, G.R., Santana, V., Pereira, E.S. et al. On the Identity of Smicridea (Smicridea) aequalis Banks, 1920 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae): Morphology of Adults and Immature Stages, Bionomics, Distribution, and Male Color Dimorphism. Neotrop Entomol 50, 430–443 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-021-00860-8

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